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\begin{center}
  \textbf{\LARGE GNU Free Documentation License}

  \bigskip
  
  Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
  
  Copyright \copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free
  Software Foundation, Inc.
  
  \bigskip
  
  \url{https://fsf.org/}
  
  \bigskip
  
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
  copies of this license document, but changing it is not
  allowed.

  \bigskip
  
  \textbf{\Large Preamble}
\end{center}

\noindent
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
or other functional and useful document \enquote{free} in
the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.

This License is a kind of \enquote{copyleft}, which means
that derivative works of the document must themselves be
free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General
Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for
free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
for free software, because free software needs free
documentation: a free program should come with manuals
providing the same freedoms that the software does. But
this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this
License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
or reference.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 1.\ APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}
\end{center}

\noindent
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any
medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright
holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this
License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free
license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the
conditions stated herein. The \enquote{\textbf{Document}},
below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the
public is a licensee, and is addressed as \enquote{%
  \textbf{you}}. You accept the license if you copy, modify
or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
copyright law.

A \enquote{\textbf{Modified Version}} of the Document means
any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either
copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated
into another language.

A \enquote{\textbf{Secondary Section}} is a named appendix
or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be
a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
ethical or political position regarding them.

The \enquote{\textbf{Invariant Sections}} are certain
Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being
those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License. If a section
does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is
not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not
identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The \enquote{\textbf{Cover Texts}} are certain short
passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or
Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document
is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at
most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25
words.

A \enquote{\textbf{Transparent}} copy of the Document means
a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that is
suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)
generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to
text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made
in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or
absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An
image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial
amount of text. A copy that is not \enquote{Transparent} is
called \enquote{\textbf{Opaque}}.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, \LaTeX\
input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD,
and standard-conforming simple HTML, Post\-Script or PDF
designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the
DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
some word processors for output purposes only.

The \enquote{\textbf{Title Page}} means, for a printed book,
the title page itself, plus such following pages as are
needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires
to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do
not have any title page as such, \enquote{Title Page} means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

The \enquote{\textbf{publisher}} means any person or entity
that distributes copies of the Document to the public.

A section \enquote{\textbf{Entitled XYZ}} means a named
subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ
or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as \enquote{%
  \textbf{Acknowledgements}}, \enquote{\textbf{%
    Dedications}}, \enquote{\textbf{Endorsements}}, or
\enquote{\textbf{History}}.) To \enquote{\textbf{%
    Preserve the Title}} of such a section when you modify
the Document means that it remains a section \enquote{%
  \textbf{Entitled XYZ}} according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the
notice which states that this License applies to the
Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
included by reference in this License, but only as regards
disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on
the meaning of this License.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 2. VERBATIM COPYING}
\end{center}

\noindent
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice
saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
in all copies, and that you add no other conditions
whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or
further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must
also follow the conditions in section~3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
above, and you may publicly display copies.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY}
\end{center}

\noindent
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering
more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that
carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts
on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly
identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front
cover must present the full title with all words of the
title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as
verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous
to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as
many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue
the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a
machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque
copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using
public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use
the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,
to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus
accessible at the stated location until at least one year
after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy
(directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
authors of the Document well before redistributing any
large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide
you with an updated version of the Document.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 4. MODIFICATIONS}
\end{center}

\noindent
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above,
provided that you release the Modified Version under
precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling
the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses
a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
the Modified Version:

\begin{itemize}
\item[A.] 
  Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a
  title distinct from that of the Document, and from those
  of previous versions (which should, if there were any,
  be listed in the History section of the Document). You
  may use the same title as a previous version if the
  original publisher of that version gives permission.
  
\item[B.]
  List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons
  or entities responsible for authorship of the
  modifications in the Modified Version, together with at
  least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
  of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
  unless they release you from this requirement.
  
\item[C.]
  State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  Modified Version, as the publisher.

\item[D.]
  Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  
\item[E.]
  Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
  modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
  
\item[F.]
  Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
  license notice giving the public permission to use the
  Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the
  form shown in the Addendum below.
  
\item[G.]
  Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
  Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the
  Document's license notice.

\item[H.]
  Include an unaltered copy of this License.

\item[I.]
  Preserve the section Entitled \enquote{History}, Preserve
  its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the
  title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified
  Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section
  Entitled \enquote{History} in the Document, create one
  stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
  Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
  describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
  sentence.
  
\item[J.]
  Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
  Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the
  Document, and likewise the network locations given in
  the Document for previous versions it was based on.
  These may be placed in the \enquote{History} section. You
  may omit a network location for a work that was published
  at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
  original publisher of the version it refers to gives
  permission.
  
\item[K.]
  For any section Entitled \enquote{Acknowledgements} or
  \enquote{Dedications}, Preserve the Title of the section,
  and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
  each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
  dedications given therein.
  
\item[L.]
  Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section
  numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the
  section titles.
  
\item[M.]
  Delete any section Entitled \enquote{Endorsements}. Such a
  section may not be included in the Modified Version.
  
\item[N.]
  Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
  \enquote{Endorsements} or to conflict in title with any
  Invariant Section.
  
\item[O.]
  Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
\end{itemize}

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and
contain no material copied from the Document, you may at
your option designate some or all of these sections as
invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of
Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license
notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.

You may add a section Entitled \enquote{Endorsements},
provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your
Modified Version by various parties---for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved
by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text,
to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified
Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of
Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements
made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a
cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf
of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that
added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
this License give permission to use their names for
publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
Modified Version.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS}
\end{center}

\noindent
You may combine the Document with other documents released
under this License, under the terms defined in section~4
above for modified versions, provided that you include in
the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty
Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this
License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be
replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant
Sections with the same name but different contents, make the
title of each such section unique by adding at the end of
it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list
of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
\enquote{History} in the various original documents, forming
one section Entitled \enquote{History}; likewise combine any
sections Entitled \enquote{Acknowledgements}, and any
sections Entitled \enquote{Dedications}. You must delete all
sections Entitled \enquote{Endorsements}.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}
\end{center}

\noindent
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
other documents released under this License, and replace the
individual copies of this License in the various documents
with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection,
and distribute it individually under this License, provided
you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
document, and follow this License in all other respects
regarding verbatim copying of that document.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}
\end{center}

\noindent
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
\enquote{aggregate} if the copyright resulting from the
compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License
does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section~3 is applicable to
these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less
than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover
Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must
appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 8. TRANSLATION}
\end{center}

\noindent
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of
section~4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations
requires special permission from their copyright holders,
but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
Sections in addition to the original versions of these
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
License, and all the license notices in the Document, and
any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the
original English version of this License and the original
versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original
version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the
original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled
\enquote{Acknowledgements}, \enquote{Dedications}, or
\enquote{History}, the requirement (section~4) to Preserve
its Title (section~1) will typically require changing the
actual title.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 9. TERMINATION}
\end{center}

\noindent
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
Document except as expressly provided under this License.
Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or
distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License.

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then
your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright
holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and
(b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days
after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you
of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first
time you have received notice of violation of this License
(for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the
violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the
notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not
terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies
or rights from you under this License. If your rights have
been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a
copy of some or all of the same material does not give you
any rights to use it.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}
\end{center}

\noindent
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to
time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns. See
\url{https://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License \enquote{or any later
  version} applies to it, you have the option of following
the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a
draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does
not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
can decide which future versions of this License can be
used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version
for the Document.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large 11. RELICENSING}
\end{center}

\begingroup
\sloppy
\noindent
\enquote{Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site} (or
\enquote{MMC Site}) means any World Wide Web server that
publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent
facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki
that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
\enquote{Massive Multiauthor Collaboration} (or
\enquote{MMC}) contained in the site means any set of
copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
\endgroup

\enquote{CC-BY-SA} means the Creative Commons
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative
Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a
principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as
well as future copyleft versions of that license published
by that same organization.

\enquote{Incorporate} means to publish or republish a
Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document.

An MMC is \enquote{eligible for relicensing} if it is
licensed under this License, and if all works that were
first published under this License somewhere other than this
MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into
the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and
(2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained
in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time
before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for
relicensing.

\medskip
\begin{center}
  \textbf{\Large ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your
    documents}
\end{center}

\noindent
To use this License in a document you have written, include
a copy of the License in the document and put the following
copyright and license notices just after the title page:

\begin{quote}
  Copyright \copyright{} YEAR YOUR NAME.

  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
  this document under the terms of the GNU Free
  Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
  published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
  Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
  Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
  section entitled \enquote{GNU Free Documentation
    License}.
\end{quote}

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and
Back-Cover Texts, replace the \enquote{with \dots\ Texts.}\
line with this:

\begin{quote}
  with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
  the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover
  Texts being LIST.
\end{quote}

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some
other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives
to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel
under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU
General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.