Qt 4.8: Mouse Calibration Example

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# Mouse Calibration Example

Files:

- qws/mousecalibration/calibration.cpp
- qws/mousecalibration/calibration.h
- qws/mousecalibration/scribblewidget.cpp
- qws/mousecalibration/scribblewidget.h
- qws/mousecalibration/main.cpp
- qws/mousecalibration/mousecalibration.pro

The Mouse Calibration example demonstrates how to write a simple program using the mechanisms provided by the QWSMouseHandler class to calibrate the mouse handler in Qt for Embedded Linux.

Calibration is the process of mapping between physical (i.e. device) coordinates and logical coordinates.

The example consists of two classes in addition to the main program:

- `Calibration` is a dialog widget that retrieves the device coordinates.
- `ScribbleWidget` is a minimal drawing program used to let the user test the new mouse settings.

First we will review the main program, then we will take a look at the `Calibration` class. The `ScribbleWidget` class is only a help tool in this context, and will not be covered here.

## The Main Program

The program starts by presenting a message box informing the user of what is going to happen:

     int main(int argc, char **argv)
     {
         QApplication app(argc, argv, QApplication::GuiServer);

         if (!QWSServer::mouseHandler())
             qFatal("No mouse handler installed");

         {
             QMessageBox message;
             message.setText("<p>Please press once at each of the marks "
                             "shown in the next screen.</p>"
                             "<p>This messagebox will timout after 10 seconds "
                             "if you are unable to close it.</p>");
             QTimer::singleShot(10 * 1000, &message, SLOT(accept()));
             message.exec();
         }

The QMessageBox class provides a modal dialog with a range of different messages, roughly arranged along two axes: severity and complexity. The message box has a different icon for each of the severity levels, but the icon must be specified explicitly. In our case we use the default QMessageBox::NoIcon value. In addition we use the default complexity, i.e. a message box showing the given text and an OK button.

At this stage in the program, the mouse could be completely uncalibrated, making the user unable to press the OK button. For that reason we use the static QTimer::singleShot() function to make the message box disappear after 10 seconds. The QTimer class provides repetitive and single-shot timers: The single shot function calls the given slot after the specified interval.

         Calibration cal;
         cal.exec();

Next, we create an instance of the `Calibration` class which is a dialog widget retrieving the required sample coordinates: The dialog sequentially presents five marks for the user to press, storing the device coordinates for the mouse press events.

         {
             QMessageBox message;
             message.setText("<p>The next screen will let you test the calibration "
                             "by drawing into a widget.</p><p>This program will "
                             "automatically close after 20 seconds.<p>");
             QTimer::singleShot(10 * 1000, &message, SLOT(accept()));
             message.exec();
         }

         ScribbleWidget scribble;
         scribble.showMaximized();
         scribble.show();

         app.setActiveWindow(&scribble);
         QTimer::singleShot(20 * 1000, &app, SLOT(quit()));

         return app.exec();
     }

When the calibration dialog returns, we let the user test the new mouse settings by drawing onto a `ScribbleWidget` object. Since the mouse still can be uncalibrated, we continue to use the QMessageBox and QTimer classes to inform the user about the program's progress.

An improved calibration tool would let the user choose between accepting the new calibration, reverting to the old one, and restarting the calibration.

## Calibration Class Definition

The `Calibration` class inherits from QDialog and is responsible for retrieving the device coordinates from the user.

     class Calibration : public QDialog
     {
     public:
         Calibration();
         ~Calibration();
         int exec();

     protected:
         void paintEvent(QPaintEvent*);
         void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent*);
         void accept();

     private:
         QWSPointerCalibrationData data;
         int pressCount;
     };

We reimplement QDialog's exec() and accept() slots, and QWidget's paintEvent() and mouseReleaseEvent() functions.

In addition, we declare a couple of private variables, `data` and `pressCount`, holding the `Calibration` object's number of mouse press events and current calibration data. The `pressCount` variable is a convenience variable, while the `data` is a QWSPointerCalibrationData object (storing the physical and logical coordinates) that is passed to the mouse handler. The QWSPointerCalibrationData class is simply a container for calibration data.

## Calibration Class Implementation

In the constructor we first ensure that the `Calibration` dialog fills up the entire screen, has focus and will receive mouse events (the latter by making the dialog modal):

     Calibration::Calibration()
     {
         QRect desktop = QApplication::desktop()->geometry();
         desktop.moveTo(QPoint(0, 0));
         setGeometry(desktop);

         setFocusPolicy(Qt::StrongFocus);
         setFocus();
         setModal(true);

Then we initialize the screenPoints array:

         int width = qt_screen->deviceWidth();
         int height = qt_screen->deviceHeight();

         int dx = width / 10;
         int dy = height / 10;

         QPoint *points = data.screenPoints;
         points[QWSPointerCalibrationData::TopLeft] = QPoint(dx, dy);
         points[QWSPointerCalibrationData::BottomLeft] = QPoint(dx, height - dy);
         points[QWSPointerCalibrationData::BottomRight] = QPoint(width - dx, height - dy);
         points[QWSPointerCalibrationData::TopRight] = QPoint(width - dx, dy);
         points[QWSPointerCalibrationData::Center] = QPoint(width / 2, height / 2);

In order to specify the calibration, the screenPoints array must contain the screen coordinates for the logical positions represented by the QWSPointerCalibrationData::Location enum (e.g. QWSPointerCalibrationData::TopLeft). Since non-linearity is expected to increase on the edge of the screen, all points are kept 10 percent within the screen. The `qt_screen` pointer is a reference to the screen device. There can only be one screen device per application.

         pressCount = 0;
     }

Finally, we initialize the variable which keeps track of the number of mouse press events we have received.

     Calibration::~Calibration()
     {
     }

The destructor is trivial.

     int Calibration::exec()
     {
         QWSServer::mouseHandler()->clearCalibration();
         grabMouse();
         activateWindow();
         int ret = QDialog::exec();
         releaseMouse();
         return ret;
     }

The reimplementation of the QDialog::exec() slot is called from the main program.

First we clear the current calibration making the following mouse event delivered in raw device coordinates. Then we call the QWidget::grabMouse() function to make sure no mouse events are lost, and the QWidget::activateWindow() function to make the top-level widget containing this dialog, the active window. When the call to the QDialog::exec() base function returns, we call QWidget::releaseMouse() to release the mouse grab before the function returns.

     void Calibration::paintEvent(QPaintEvent*)
     {
         QPainter p(this);
         p.fillRect(rect(), Qt::white);

         QPoint point = data.screenPoints[pressCount];

         // Map to logical coordinates in case the screen is transformed
         QSize screenSize(qt_screen->deviceWidth(), qt_screen->deviceHeight());
         point = qt_screen->mapFromDevice(point, screenSize);

         p.fillRect(point.x() - 6, point.y() - 1, 13, 3, Qt::black);
         p.fillRect(point.x() - 1, point.y() - 6, 3, 13, Qt::black);
     }

The QWidget::paintEvent() function is reimplemented to receive the widget's paint events. A paint event is a request to repaint all or parts of the widget. It can happen as a result of QWidget::repaint() or QWidget::update(), or because the widget was obscured and has now been uncovered, or for many other reasons. In our reimplementation of the function we simply draw a cross at the next point the user should press.

     void Calibration::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
     {
         // Map from device coordinates in case the screen is transformed
         QSize screenSize(qt_screen->width(), qt_screen->height());
         QPoint p = qt_screen->mapToDevice(event->pos(), screenSize);

         data.devPoints[pressCount] = p;

         if (++pressCount < 5)
             repaint();
         else
             accept();
     }

We then reimplement the QWidget::mouseReleaseEvent() function to receive the widget's move events, using the QMouseEvent object passed as parameter to find the coordinates the user pressed, and update the QWSPointerCalibrationData::devPoints array.

In order to complete the mapping between logical and physical coordinates, the devPoints array must contain the raw device coordinates for the logical positions represented by the QWSPointerCalibrationData::Location enum (e.g. QWSPointerCalibrationData::TopLeft)

We continue by drawing the next cross, or close the dialog by calling the QDialog::accept() slot if we have collected all the required coordinate samples.

     void Calibration::accept()
     {
         Q_ASSERT(pressCount == 5);
         QWSServer::mouseHandler()->calibrate(&data);
         QDialog::accept();
     }

Our reimplementation of the QDialog::accept() slot simply activate the new calibration data using the QWSMouseHandler::calibrate() function. We also use the Q_ASSERT() macro to ensure that the number of required samples are present.