















                        H A M   L O G   4


                               for


                     Amateur Radio Operators






                        O P E R A T I N G

                           M A N U A L


                            VERSION  4


                   R o b i n   G a n d e v i a





                      DISCLAIMER / COPYRIGHT
  
  Ham Log is a program designed for use by Amateur Radio Operators
  and Short Wave Listeners to record details of other radio
  stations worked or received, in the form of a log.
  
            IT IS NOT TO BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE
  
  No guarantee is given as to the accuracy of any of the program's
  calculations or information. Information concerning entities can
  only be valid at the time of the program's release. Advice or
  notification of any error will be acknowledged.
  
  IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines
  Corporation.
  
  Acknowledgement is made for information derived from
  publications of the American Radio Relay League (A.R.R.L.) and
  the Wireless Institute of Australia (W.I.A.).
  
  Ham Log is produced by Robin Gandevia and copyright (c) 1992 -
  1999  by Robin Gandevia. All rights reserved.
  
  Ham Log may be copied for back-up purposes only. No
  modifications are permitted to the program or any of the printed
  materials.
  
  
                       Mr.  Robin  Gandevia
                         31  Park  Avenue
                       Randwick  NSW  2031
                              SYDNEY
                            AUSTRALIA
                         rhg@bigpond.com
  
  
  No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted,
  transcribed, stored on a retrieval system or translated into any
  language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
  photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written
  consent of Robin Gandevia.
  
  
  Every effort has been made to provide complete and accurate
  information. Robin Gandevia assumes no responsibility for its
  use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of
  third parties that would result.
  
  
  Ham Log 4 for Amateur Radio Operators
  
  
  Copyright (c) 1999 Robin Gandevia.
  




                       TABLE  of  CONTENTS
  
  Chapter 1
      INTRODUCTION TO HAM LOG
         Quick Start
         Quick Guided Tour of Ham Log
         New Features for Version 4
  
  Chapter 2
      INSTALLATION
         System Requirements
         Installation - New User
         Set-Up
         Installing an Upgrade
         Printing the Manual
  
  Chapter 3
      TIPS FOR USING HAM LOG
         Menus
         Prompts
         Printing
         Editing Fields
         Time and Date Formats
         Back-Up / Restore
         Update Entities Worked & Confirmed (without
              entering your old log)
         Modes of Transmission
         Selecting an Entity
         Tips for Upgrade Users
  
  Chapter 4
      SPECIAL FEATURES of HAM LOG
         General Station Information
         Multiple Logs
         Entity Information, Statistics
         Foreign Language Translations
         Contest Mode
         A "Customised" Field
         Keeping Notes on a QSO or Station
         Fast, Automated Addition of QSOs
         Taking Care of QLSs
         A QSL Manager
  
  Chapter 5
      THE RADIO LOG
  
         Log Scroll Menu  . . .
         Scrolling Through QSOs
         Locating QSOs
         Add a New QSO
         Update Entities
         Prefix Search
         QSL Manager
         List Entities (F2)
         QSO's Entity Details (F3)
         QSO Details (Enter)
  
         QSO Menu  . . .
         Edit
         Change QSO's Entity (F2)
         Foreign Language Translations (F3)
         Print QSO
         Delete QSO
         Add Copy of QSO
         Update Time End
         QSL
         Text Editor for QSO (F4)
  
  Chapter 6
      ENTITY & PREFIX DATABASES
         Entity DXCC Status Types
  
         Entity Scroll Menu  . . .
         Scrolling Through Entities
         Locating Entities
         Add a New Entity
         Update Entities
         Prefix Search
         Entity Details (Enter)
  
         Entity Edit Menu  . . .
         Edit
         Print Entity Details
         Add Prefix
         Delete Prefix
         Entity Delete
         Foreign Language Translations (F3)
  
         Entity Updates & Entity Numbers
  
  Chapter 7
      LIST / PRINT MENU
         Prefix / Entity Lists
         Entities Worked
         Entities Confirmed
         Entities Not Confirmed
         QSOs - Log Format
         QSOs - To Send QSL
         QSOs - In Detail
  
  Chapter 8
      STATISTICS
         (Re) Calculate Statistics
         List / Print Statistics
         DXCC Current Log's Status
  
  Chapter 9
      UTILITIES
         Set-Up QSO & Log Defaults
         Set-Up Log Databases
              Edit Log's Parameters (Names, Modes)
              Combine or Create Logs
         Set-Up Program Defaults
         Set-Up QSL Print Formats
         Invoke / Cancel Contest Mode
         Custom Field Utilities
         Update All Entities
         Sort & Repair Databases
         Re-number Log QSO Numbers
  
  Appendix A      GLOSSARY OF TERMS
  
  Appendix B
      TROUBLE SHOOTING



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  1  

                     INTRODUCTION TO HAM LOG
  
  
  What is Ham Radio?  . . .
  
  The hobby of Amateur (or Ham) Radio stretches technology to
  shrink the world. Communications with neighbours - next door or
  in another continent - are effected by harnessing environmental
  elements and application of limitless advances in science, for
  which amateurs, in pursuit of their hobby, are often
  responsible.
  
  Everyday, thousands of hams partake of the offerings of the
  ionosphere to talk and exchange ideas across the oceans,
  possibly even via the moon. Countless friendships are made using
  the medium of radio.
  
  Recording these radio contacts between amateurs involves
  maintaining a "log", that, with the advent of the latest
  technology, can now be done on computer. This is what the
  program Ham Log is all about.
  
  
  What is Ham Log?  . . .
  
  Ham Log records details of all contacts (QSOs) of an amateur
  station. The program can also be used by short wave radio
  listeners to record the signals they hear. Previously, the log
  was kept manually, and often more time was spent maintaining the
  log than on air. The computer, now possibly the least expensive
  major item in the shack, enables amateurs to "computerise" their
  log.
  
  The benefits of computerising any database are the means to
  reduce repetitive or complex tasks, to access or extract quickly
  the information, in various formats, and to provide meaningful
  results.
  
  When you make contact with a station, it is helpful to know
  immediately whether you have worked the station before, if the
  entity has been previously worked (in the current mode), and
  whether it has been confirmed, by receipt of a QSL card. Should
  you have communicated with the station before, apart from the
  advantage of quickly knowing their name and location, you can
  compare previous reports, noting the band and mode previously
  used. (You can keep virtually unlimited notes about any station
  or QSO.) If a foreign station, it is useful to know their local
  time and even some words in their native tongue. Ham Log
  provides this information at your fingertips, plus a lot more.
  
  You can scroll through your contacts in various orders. Look up
  the call sign of a station worked, and see all previous contacts
  with that station. Change the QSO scroll order to Entities, and
  instantly see all contacts made with that entity.
  
  Ham Log allows you to set various "defaults". Defaults are
  values that are applied automatically in repetitive operations.
  For example, you can set the default frequency as 14 MHz. All
  new contacts will have the frequency as 14 MHz until you change
  the default. Some of the other defaults that can be set include:
  QSO mode, reports, to QSL, comments, as well as your Time Zone
  (allowing all dates and times to be kept in U.T.C.) and
  preferred date format (DD/MM/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY).
  
  Ham Log lets you instantly check on your station's record with
  any entity. Supply a prefix and the entity is shown, with
  details of whether the entity has been worked in each mode, and
  whether a QSL has been received, again for each mode.
  
  Ham Log comes with the latest entities and prefix databases,
  which include the A.R.R.L. DXCC status (current, deleted, non-
  DXCC) of all entities. Not only the amateur call sign prefixes,
  but most prefixes from the current Allocation of International
  Call Signs, for all entities, are included. Updates are
  available as changes occur, and users can be advised of upgrade
  versions of Ham Log. You can add entities and new prefixes if
  you wish.
  
  While computerised logs for amateurs have been available for
  some time, Ham Log offers many specialised functions,
  commensurate with the increase in computer technology and
  programming. These allow you to keep up to six separate logs for
  various uses such as portable operation, contests, or numerous
  modes. Logs can be combined or created from another log
  selectively (using frequency, mode and many other criteria). A
  log's performance (e.g.: entities worked or confirmed;
  statistics) with any of the DXCC groups of entities is readily
  available.
  
  Contests are a popular activity of Ham Radio, and Ham Log allows
  you to record your contacts in a special Contest Mode. It will
  even calculate your total score. This mode is also used for
  DXpeditions.
  
  A special generic award function facilitates QSOs to be "tagged"
  for various awards that you may wish to achieve.
  
  Writing QSL cards can be laborious. Ham Log will print them for
  you onto labels, in virtually unlimited formats. You can include
  messages on your QSL cards. The program will keep track of which
  QSOs you are still to QSL, and show the date of those that have
  been sent.
  
  QSL managers have their arduous tasks greatly reduced if the
  station being managed uses Ham Log. Contacts can be quickly
  verified, marked as QSL both received and sent, before printing
  the QSL. Of course, a separate log is used to keep the manager's
  own log quite separate. The station simply sends the QSL manager
  one disk with one file.
  
  A text editor for each QSO enables you to use the keyboard when
  copying C.W., or to record any other information about the QSO.
  This can include a terminal program's capture of data sent and
  received. The text editor's information can be applied to a
  single QSO, or to every QSO with the same station. Ham Log
  provides a text editor at the touch of a button.
  
  To achieve a complete log, Ham Log records or provides the
  following information:
  
  LOG Database...  
  Field:          Notes:
  
  CALL SIGN
  NAME
  QTH
  DATE            Can be calculated by Ham Log in U.T.C.
  TIME START      Can be calculated by Ham Log in U.T.C.
  TIME END        Can be calculated by Ham Log in U.T.C.
  MODE            Can be pre-set; two per log
  FREQUENCY       Can be pre-set
  RST - SENT      Can be pre-set (can also be incremented by one
                  in Contest Mode)
  RST - RCVD.     Can be pre-set (useful for contests)
  QSL SENT        Can be pre-set
  QSL SENT DATE   Can be automatically applied
  QSL SENT DIRECT If QSL was sent direct
  QSL RCVD.       If QSL received
  QSL RCVD. DATE  Can be automatically applied
  QSL RCVD. DIRECTIf QSL was received direct
  COMMENTS        One line
  CUSTOM FIELD    Can be searched, sorted and listed on; logs may
                  be combined on its contents. Can have various
                  information automatically applied, or be pre-
                  set. Ideal for awards.
  TEXT EDITOR     Saved as a separate file; length virtually
                  unlimited; can apply to single QSO or all with
                  same station, all logs
  ENTITY          Determined by Ham Log from Call Sign's prefix
  QSO NO.         Calculated by Ham Log
  FIRST QSO
  FOR ENTITY    Determined by Ham Log

  ENTITY (Country) Database...
  
  Field:          Notes:
  
  ENTITY NAME
  CONTINENT       Two letter abbreviation.
  CQ ZONE NO.     40 Zones
  ITU ZONE NO.    90 Zones
  TIME ZONE(s)    To U.T.C.; determines local time
  VALID FOR DXCC  Yes / No
  YEAR DELETED
  FOR DXCC      Year deleted for the DXCC awards
  YEAR OF LAST
  DXCC UPDATE   Last Year when checked for DXCC status
  WORKED - Mode 1 Calculated by Ham Log
  WORKED - Mode 2 Calculated by Ham Log
  QSL RCVD. Mode 1Calculated by Ham Log
  QSL RCVD. Mode 2Calculated by Ham Log
  BEAM HEADINGS   Short and Long Paths
  DISTANCE        Short path in kilometres
  NOTES           One line
  PREFIXES        Up to 20 per entity
  MAIN PREFIX     Main Amateur A.R.R.L. prefix(es) used for
                  Current DXCC entities. Determined by Ham Log
  MULTIPLE PREFIXES   Yes / No; Calculated by Ham Log
  ENTITY NO.      Determined by Ham Log

  The most important requirement of a database is its output. Ham
  Log provides extensive listings (hundreds) pertaining to your
  logs, entity and prefix databases, accessed from the List /
  Print Menu. These lists include:
  
  Entities listed alphabetically with either all their prefixes or
  their main amateur radio prefixes, plus continent and zones.
  Prefixes (all or just the main amateur radio prefixes) listed
  alphabetically with their entity.
  
  Entities worked and entities confirmed. These may be for a
  specific mode, or a range of dates. Entities not confirmed in
  both modes of a log, may also be listed.
  
  QSOs in standard log format (or full detail formats), in various
  orders.
  
  QSOs with a specific entity.
  
  QSOs to Send QSL cards to, in various label formats.
  
  Entity lists may be restricted to any of the DXCC entity types
  (Current, Deleted and Non-DXCC entities). Facilities thereby
  exist to list any group of entities, worked or confirmed, in any
  mode or any band, during any period.
  
  QSO lists may be confined to a specific range of dates as well
  as DXCC entity type. They may be further qualified by the
  contents of their Custom Field.
  
  All lists may be viewed from the screen, sent to the printer, or
  "exported" to a DOS file. This enables incorporation of the
  program's data output into other programs such as a word
  processor or spreadsheet.
  
  Ham Log is menu driven, easy to use and very fast in its
  execution. Detailed help (using F1) and explanations are
  available throughout the program. A log of around 300 QSOs (no.
  6) is provided with the program to allow you to see many of the
  program's features in action.
  
  Comments and any suggestions as to improvements in the program
  are most welcome.
  
  
                           QUICK START
                                 
  From DOS, change to the floppy drive you have your Ham Log disk
  in, and type: INSTALL . Ham Log will be installed onto drive
  C:\HAMLOG. Then start Ham Log by typing: HL.
  
  After completing the initial Set-Up screen (press F1 for help),
  the QSO Log Database screen that allows you to select which of
  six logs to use. All are blank except no. 6, which is a sample
  log of around 300 QSOs. Selecting this log enables you to try
  out some of Ham Log's features. If you wish to go on the
  following short guided tour of Ham Log, please select this log.
  After some initial updating of files, you will come to the Main
  Menu.
  
  
                   QUICK GUIDED TOUR OF HAM LOG                                 
  This tour will quickly familiarise you with the basics of Ham
  Log, and give you a glance at some of the more powerful
  features. Firstly, ensure you have selected the Demonstration
  Log (no. 6) that comes with the program (Utilities choice 2:
  Set-Up Log Databases).
  
  From the Main Menu select The Radio Log (choice 1). You will see
  the log's QSOs listed, in date order, with the last QSO
  highlighted. Shown at the bottom is the "Log Scroll Menu".
  
  Let's get straight to business and add a QSO. Press A and enter
  the call sign:  TG1ABC .  Press Enter to confirm, and the Full
  details screen for the new QSO is shown. Certain QSO fields
  already have some information entered (which can be pre-set as
  defaults, which we will look at shortly). Don't worry about
  completing the fields - just press PgDn and Ham Log will then
  advise you that this is your first QSO with Guatemala!
  
  The Menu you have now is the "QSO Menu". Apart from the QSO
  (that you can edit by pressing E), there is a lot of information
  about the QSO's entity (if you don't see this, press F6). Note
  the current time in Guatemala, and now press F3. There are the
  translations of many common phrases in Spanish so you can say
  the correct greeting to your new contact - he (or she) will be
  most impressed!
  
  Press ESCape until you return to the Log Scroll Menu, where you
  can add another QSO. For now, leave the field blank and press
  Enter. Listening around the bands, you hear an interesting DX
  call sign, let's say ZE1ABC. Press P for the Prefix option (also
  available in the QSO Menu) and enter the call sign (or just the
  prefix  ZE  will do). Press Enter.
  
  Ah ha! Zimbabwe, the band is opening to southern Africa. The
  beam heading is shown, and you can see that you have worked
  Zimbabwe before, in both log modes, though you still need it
  confirmed in C.W. It may be worthwhile swinging the beam and
  making a contact, or to see what other DX is around.
  
  However, let's continue to find out some more about Ham Log. The
  Log Scroll Menu has a locate function, that lets you search for
  QSOs in your log, by various means. Press L, and from the Locate
  Menu, choose call sign - choice 1. Enter:  UA9OEL .
  
  Ham Log highlights the first QSO with UA9OEL. At the bottom of
  the screen, the order in which the QSOs are being listed is
  shown - Date of QSO. There are five different orders available,
  toggled by simply pressing O. Press O once, and the order is now
  Call Sign, and you can now see all contacts with UA9OEL (your
  highlighted QSO remains at the top). Press O again, and all
  contacts with UA9OEL's Entity (Asiatic Russia) are grouped
  together. The other orders are QSO No., and Custom Field. (The
  Continent is shown in the Custom Field of some QSOs). For now,
  let's leave the Radio Log, and have a look at some statistics.
  Press ESCape to return to the Main Menu, and select the
  Statistics Menu (choice 3).
  
  From the Statistics Menu, select choice 3 which calculates the
  log's current DXCC status. Ham Log shows the number of entities
  worked, and confirmed, in each mode. It separates automatically
  the QSO with Current DXCC entities and the Deleted entities,
  based on the current A.R.R.L. listing. You may have noticed a
  menu allows you to send lists to either the screen, printer or a
  DOS file.
  
  Ham Log has a separate List / Print Menu for the hundred's of
  specialised lists available. Return to the Main Menu (use the
  ESCape key) and select the List / Print Menu (choice 3). From
  all the choices shown, there are various sub-menus that allow
  your list to be highly specific. Let us see all QSOs with New
  Zealand, using the QSOs - Specific Entity option (choice 6). A
  list of all entities is shown - press N to jump to the first
  entity beginning with N. Using the down arrow key, highlight New
  Zealand and press Enter. You can then restrict the list to QSOs
  within a certain date range; leave this blank for all dates
  (press Enter). All QSOs with New Zealand are now shown - note
  the QSO with the VK station who was portable in ZL. Ham Log can
  determine the entity from what follows (or precedes) a slash " /
  " in a call sign.
  
  Choice 7 in the List / Print Menu lists all QSOs that have been
  marked to QSL. There are several label formats (you can even
  design your own). Select this choice and again, ignore the date
  range option, and send the list to the screen. A typical label
  format is being used, which can include your own message. Press
  ESCape to abort the listing for now. By the way, Ham Log will
  remember the last QSO for which a QSL was printed (useful for
  when you next do a QSL print run), and can automatically update
  each QSO's QSL Sent Date field.
  
  From the Utilities Menu, you can set various defaults and
  preferences, like your new QSO fields, QSL label formats, names
  and call signs for various logs and so on. Return to the Main
  Menu, and select the Utilities Menu (choice 5).
  
  Let's look at how Ham Log can be configured to some of your
  preferences. Select the first choice: "Set-Up QSO & Log
  Defaults". Here, several QSO fields can be pre-set, saving time
  entering them for every QSO. The Custom Field is a special field
  that can be very useful, as you can search, group, list and even
  combine logs based on the contents of this field. It can be
  ideal for various awards. Ham Log can automatically insert other
  fields of information into the Custom Field - examples here
  would include the entity's ITU or CQ Zone of a QSO.
  
  Have a look at some of the other options you can set. For our
  tour, check that the "Save QSO Text Editor Field" is set to call
  sign. When you have finished, your options are saved. Back at
  the Utilities Menu, you might like to have a quick look at the
  Set-Up QSL Print Formats (choice 4). Examples of three standard
  label formats are shown - on two you can enter a brief message.
  The special Custom QSL Format facility is also available, well
  worth investigating later on.
  
  Return now to the Main Menu, and again select the Radio Log
  (choice 1). Press A to add another QSO, and enter the call sign
  of someone you work relatively often. You will see the changes
  to any fields you made to the defaults. Press PgDn when you have
  finished entering any information. We are now going to have a
  look at the QSO's Text Editor. Press F4 to invoke it.
    The text editor enables you to use the keyboard for copying
  C.W., recording notes about the QSO, or perhaps to keep
  extensive notes relevant to the station, that you work quite
  often. Once saved to disk, it can always be retrieved. By naming
  it by call sign (as you set in Utilities) every time you contact
  this station, these notes will always be available. You can
  abort any notes you have made by pressing ESCape, otherwise
  press F5 so that they are saved to disk.
  
  All the time you have been using Ham Log, you could view the
  "General Station Information" facility. This information
  contains all sorts of useful data, including beacons, band
  plans, "Q" code, C.W. abbreviations and much more. Just press
  F10 to bring it up. You can edit it as you wish, perhaps to
  record your regular scheds, nets, or maybe your linear or A.T.U.
  settings for various frequencies. To save any changes, press F5,
  otherwise press ESCape to leave it.
  
  While still at the QSO Menu, have a look at the two different
  screen formats available. These are the "Full" details, and the
  "Main" details, which can be toggled by pressing F6. The Main
  details screen shows just the important fields, and is less
  cluttered. (Your preferred choice for new QSOs you can of course
  be pre-set.)
  
  I said this tour would be quick, and it certainly has been brief
  on demonstrating a just a few of the functions you have at hand.
  You have mastered the essentials and had a glimpse at a few of
  the smarter features. So let Ham Log take the "work" out of
  working a station, and be put to use!
  
  But don't stop exploring Ham Log - there is so much more to
  enjoy. Read the rest of the manual when you have time, so you do
  not miss something that you never knew you had! Before you get
  too involved, read the chapter on the special features of Ham
  Log.
  
  By the way, if you are ready to get back on air, you will
  probably want to start with a fresh log. Select "Set-Up Log
  Databases" from the Utilities Menu, and highlight a new log.
  Press E to edit it - (to give it a name, call sign, description
  and choose the modes you use). You're ready to go with the next
  QSO!
  
  
                           NEW FEATURES
                                 
  Since Ham Log was first released in 1991, there has been plenty
  of time to consider what could be added or improved. In early
  1993 version two was released with some major changes. It has
  since been acclaimed internationally, and Ham Log enjoys a large
  user base.
  
  Version three was released in November 1994. It contained a huge
  number of improvements and changes, reflecting the wishes and
  suggestions of a diverse range of users.
  
  Over four years later, version four has arrived. It has added
  and fine tuned many features. Many subtle changes were made (not
  detailed here), based on the constructive comments of users made
  over the period, to perfect the program. I am grateful for these
  suggestions.
  
  Some of the more significant changes since version 3 was
  released are:
  
  Entities  . . .
  
    On 31 March, 1998, several major rule changes were made by the
    A.R.R.L. concerning DXCC. This included the deletion of all
    references to Countries, which are now known as "Entities". A
    large amount of work was required in version 4 to reflect
    these A.R.R.L. changes. In addition, new some new Entities
    were created, together with some more significant changes to
    prefixes.
    
  
  Year 2000 Compliance  . . .
  
    All previous versions of Ham Log were not fully year 2000
    compliant. Fortunately, all years were recorded in a four
    digit format, however, several changes were needed to make Ham
    Log totally year 2000 compatible.
    
  Environmentally Friendly Version  . . .
  
    Ham Log now comes with the new version 4 manual on disk, which
    you may print if desired. There is significantly more help
    available within the program such that the need for reference
    to a written manual has diminished. The printed manual was a
    significant cost, and as such the price of Ham Log has
    reduced. (A printed manual is still available.)
  
  Better Performance - Faster To Run  . . .
  
    The program now runs even faster, with some clever new
    programming techniques. There are also some great improvements
    at start up for registered users. Firstly, the copyright
    screen at start up is bypassed, and the logo screen only
    remains until the program has completed some short virus
    checks. Secondly, the Main Menu can now be bypassed so that
    the program goes straight into the Log. Further, you can pre-
    set the order in which the log's QSOs are scrolled to your
    preferred choice.
    
    So now you can be adding a QSO with one key press in one or
    two seconds, whereas in the old versions it could take up to
    20 seconds and several keystrokes.
    
    And exiting Ham Log is like lightning - just one keystroke
    (Shift + F10)  from virtually anywhere within the program. As
    such, often the Main Menu need not even be used!
    
    The program uses less of your computer's resources while idle,
    giving greater processor time (and therefore performance) for
    other programs running concurrently under Windows.
  
  Some New and Improved Features  . . .
  
    - Adding QSOs is easier. You can now pre-set any date (not
      just UTC or the current date - useful for adding old QSOs).
      Version 4 now gives you the options of pre-setting the
      frequency field, and / or using the frequency of the last
      QSO. When you have completed a QSO, the program prompts
      immediately for the call sign for another QSO, saving you
      from having to re-execute the Add QSO menu choice.
    
    - The Text Editor field (effectively an unlimited notes field
      for a QSO) is now far easier to use. No longer do you need
      to use Control keys or remember to save it before another
      QSO. You can even save your notes automatically with the
      current date, which is useful when you use the facility
      where the text is available for all QSOs with a specific
      station.
    
    - The General Station Information (F10) is now easier to edit
      and save.
    
    - The Custom Field Menu now allows you to globally replace the
      Custom Field with each QSO's call sign. (Remember that this
      change need only be temporary.) This enables most lists and
      reports to be confined to those QSOs with any specific
      station.
  
  The most recent changes can be viewed from the "Latest Changes"
  option in the Main Menu. This includes any enhancements made
  since the manual was written, together with details of the
  history of improvements made to Ham Log. Further details are
  given in the "Tips for Upgrade Users" section of chapter 4 Tips
  For Using Ham Log.



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  2  

                           INSTALLATION
  
  
  Installing Ham Log is a simple procedure. First, make a back-up
  copy of your Ham Log disk(s). Upgrade users should back up their
  log files as well.
  
  Always check the  HAMREAD.ME  file before installing the
  program. This file will include any late instructions and
  information on Ham Log.
  
  
 System Requirements . . .
  
  IBM or 100% compatible computers using MS-DOS 6 or higher, or
  Windows 95 or 98. (NB: DOS 5 seems satisfactory).
  
  Hard disk drive with at least 2 meg free.
  
  640k of conventional base RAM.
  
  Colour, Monochrome or LCD monitor.
  
  Parallel or serial printer for printing data.
  
  The CONFIG.SYS file (refer to your DOS or Windows manual) must
  contain the line:
  
    FILES=55   (or a higher value. This may not be needed if using
                Windows 98.)
  
  
  The capacity to store up to 99,999 log entries is dependant on
  adequate disk space on the drive containing the data files. A
  log with 1000 entries requires approximately 300 k of disk space
  in addition to the other data files of around 750 k. Procedures
  such as combining logs may require additional free disk space.
  (See "Back-up / Restore" in chapter 3 Tips For Using Ham Log for
  further information.)
  
  The Ham Log files come in a compressed (archived) format that
  will be expanded automatically by the install (or upgrade)
  program. After the installation process, you are given the
  opportunity to delete the compressed files from your hard disk,
  as they are no longer required.
  
  Once installed, all data files must remain together in one
  directory. The program file can be in another directory should
  you wish (which allows you to have more than one set of six
  logs). The following files are used by the program:
  
  HAMLOG.EXE     (the program file)
  
  LOG1.UG1       LOG2.UG1       LOG3.UG1     LOG4.UG1
  LOG5.UG1       LOG6.UG1       STNINFO.HL
  
  COUNTRY.UG1    PREFIX.UG1     HMSTATS.UG1
  HMHELP.RG1     HMHELP.SG1     HMHELP.DBT
  
  BAND.XG1       CALLSIGN.XG1   CCTRY_NO.XG1 C_DXCC.XG1
  C_MPRF.XG1     C_NAME.XG1     LCTRY_NO.XG1
  LOG_CUST.XG1   LOG_DATE.XG1   PCTRY_NO.XG1
  P_NAME.XG1     QSO_NO.XG1     STATS.XG1
  
  HAMDEFn.DTA     (where n represents 1 - 6 for the six log files)
  
  LOG.DTA        HAMDATA.DTA    HAM.INI
  (created by program)
  
  HL_NEWS.TXT           HL_BRIEF.TXT
  (text files for Main Menu)
  
  HLMANUAL.TXT     (the manual is ASCII text format)
  
  FIXINDEX.EXE     (a separate program that corrects corrupt index
  files)
  

 Previous Users of Ham Log Note  . . .
  
  All version 3 files are totally compatible with the new version
  4. Earlier versions need to be converted to the new format. This
  is available separately. Please now read the section "Installing
  an Upgrade" at the end of this chapter.
  
  
 Installation - New User  . . .
  
  An installation program is provided that will automate the
  installation onto Drive C: sub-directory \HAMLOG. This is
  recommended and should suit most users. From the floppy disk
  drive, simply type:  INSTALL  and press Enter. Then, to run the
  program, you will only need to type:  HL  at the DOS prompt.
  
  Otherwise, create a suitable sub-directory and copy all files
  from your Ham Log disk(s) into it. You will then need to
  decompress the archived files. To do this, from that drive and
  subdirectory type:
  
    HAMDATA1   <enter>
  
  Then, to run the program, you need to type:  HAMLOG  at the DOS
  prompt.
  
  Once installed, a batch file called CLEANUP.BAT is provided.
  This file will delete all files no longer needed by the program,
  saving space on your hard disk. To run this, type:  CLEANUP  at
  the DOS prompt.
  
  
 Set-Up  . . .
  
  The Set-Up Program Defaults routine is run automatically for you
  to configure Ham Log by setting various defaults, which are
  saved to a file called: HAM.INI. All defaults except the data
  drive can be changed from the Utilities Menu. If you wish to
  change the data drive you must delete the file HAM.INI and run
  Ham Log again. Otherwise, Ham Log loads the saved defaults from
  the file HAM.INI each time it is run.
  
  Listed below are the Set-Up defaults that need to be provided.  
  Data Drive  . . .
  
    This is the letter of the disk drive that contains the data
    files. For hard disk systems this is normally C. Please note
    that this cannot be changed when the program is running (see
    above).
  
  Monitor Type  . . .
  
    Specify C for Colour, M for Monochrome or L for Liquid Crystal
    Display. Some monochrome monitors may give a better display
    using the LCD driver, as high intensities are not used.
  
  Printer Port  . . .
  
    Enter the computer port to which your printer is connected.
    Most printers (parallel) use "LPT1". If you do not have a
    printer leave it as LPT1. If using a serial printer (usually
    COM1), ensure you include the "P" parameter in the DOS MODE
    command before Ham Log is run. This may be included in your
    AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Consult your DOS or printer manuals for
    more information.
  
  Max. Lines per Page  . . .
  
    Enter the maximum number of lines that can be printed on one
    page of your paper. For 11 inch paper this is normally 66
    lines. In lists, Ham Log allows for top and bottom margins.
    The minimum number of lines is 20.
  
    Normal line spacing is 1/6th of an inch, but if reduced to
    1/8" then 88 lines may be printed on 11 inch paper. Printing
    in a small font with reduced line spacing permits more lines
    on a page, which may be useful when printing some of Ham Log's
    long lists of data. Consult your printer manual for further
    details.
  
  Continuous Paper  . . .
  
    Enter C if your printer has Continuous feed paper attached.
    Entering M for Manual means Ham Log will prompt you for each
    page as required.
  
  Date Format  . . .
  
    Enter M for MM/DD/YY (U.S.) date format, or D for DD/MM/YY.
    This can be changed at any time.
  
  Local Time From U.T.C.  . . .
  
    Specify the number of hours your local time zone differs from
    U.T.C. If your time zone is behind U.T.C., then enter a  -
    sign after the number of hours. Remember to reset this field
    during any daylight saving.
  
  After the Set-Up Program Defaults, next complete the Set-Up Log
  Databases. This selects which of the six logs you wish to start
  using. (New users may wish to select the demonstration log
  number 6 to try out some of Ham Log's features.) The Edit choice
  in the menu allows you to give the log a name, call sign, brief
  description (for your reference) as well as choose which of two
  modes are to be used in the log. This routine can be run at any
  time from the Utilities Menu. It is executed only at the start
  of the program when Ham Log is first installed. (See chapter 9
  Utilities or press F1 for more information.)
  
  Once the log is selected, the program will update the entities
  (countries) database and perform some other file maintenance
  functions. Again, this procedure only occurs the first time you
  run Ham Log, and may take a minute or so. The information is
  then stored in the file:  LOG.DTA.
  
  This completes the installation of Ham Log. As your settings
  have been saved to disk, Ham Log will automatically load them
  each time it is run, and program execution is much faster. From
  Utilities you can set up your new QSO and Log Defaults as well
  as your preferred label printing format if you wish. See chapter
  9 Utilities for additional information. You may wish to take the
  quick guided tour of Ham Log, as outlined in chapter 1.
  
  
 Installing An Upgrade  . . .
  
  Make a back-up of your current logs first. (Please read the
  section in the manual concerning back-up and restore, found in
  Chapter 3 Tips for Using Ham Log.)
  
  The normal upgrade will only work from version 3 (the version
  number of the program is shown on the Main Menu). Users of older
  versions must obtain the conversion program separately.
  
  Version 4 includes the latest Entity and Prefix databases. This
  should present no problems unless you have previously added
  entities (countries) of your own. If so, see the note below.
  
  Installing your upgrade simply requires the files on the floppy
  disk to be copied to the directory where your version 3 Ham Log
  files are located, overwriting the existing files. If Ham Log is
  installed on Drive C: sub-directory \HAMLOG, then a program is
  provided that will automate the installation of the upgrade.
  From the floppy disk drive, simply type:  UPGRADE  and press
  Enter.
  
  That completes the installation of the upgrade.  Please take the
  time to read the relevant sections in the manual to acquaint
  yourself with some of the new features. Ham Log will run
  virtually as before, nevertheless, please note the following:
    
    - The first time you run Ham Log, it may seem slow to start.
    This will only occur the first time you run it.
    
    - Your statistics should be recalculated from the Statistics
    Menu.
    
    - Read through the section "Tips for Upgrade Users", in
    chapter 3 Tips for Using Ham Log and the section "New Features
    for Version 4", in chapter 1 for some ideas about using some
    of the new features with your existing logs.
    
    - The latest General Station Information file is named
    STNINFO.V4  to avoid overwriting your current  STNINFO.HL
    file. Rename the file if you wish to use the new information.
    
  
  Users Who Have Added Entities / Countries Please Note  . . .
    
    The upgrade includes the latest entities and prefix databases.
    QSOs in your logs that refer to entities that you have added
    will not be able to find these entities in the new entities
    database. This is because user added entities do not have the
    same entity numbers as those supplied with the program (see
    chapter 6 Entity & Prefix Databases for more information).
    
    You can continue to use your old entity and prefix databases
    if you wish (though not recommended). If so, make a copy of
    your  COUNTRY.UG1  and  PREFIX.UG1  files before installing
    the upgrade. Then copy them back and run the new  FIXINDEX.EXE
    utility (see Trouble Shooting Appendix) before running Ham
    Log.
    
    If you intend to use the new entity and prefix databases, then
    before you install the upgrade print a list of the QSOs for
    each of your added entities ("QSOs - Specific Entity" in the
    List / Print Menu). After you install the upgrade, go through
    these QSOs and change their entity to the new entity supplied
    in the database.
    
    Should Ham Log encounter a QSO with an entity that does not
    exist in the database, it automatically gives it the entity
    no. 0 for "Unknown".
  
  
 Printing the Manual  . . .
  
  The Ham Log manual is a large document. It is recommended that
  you print it by first loading it into your word processor. You
  can print it from DOS with the command:  COPY HLMANUAL.TXT . You
  can also use the print facilities in Windows.
  
  The manual comes as a standard ASCII text file. Using a word
  processor allows you to format (change fonts etc.) and print it
  as you wish.
  
  A printed copy of the manual is available from the supplier for
  an additional cost.



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  3  

                      TIPS FOR USING HAM LOG
  
  
  This chapter gives various tips on how to best use Ham Log. Some
  general matters are also discussed. For any late additions or
  modifications to the program or manual, see the  HAMREAD.ME
  file, as well as the "Latest Changes" choice in Ham Log's Main
  Menu. New users should also read the "Tips for Upgrade Users"
  section.
  
 Menus  . . .
  
  Main menus allow you to highlight your choice with the cursor
  keys, and press Enter to execute. You can also press the number
  corresponding to your choice. As each selection is highlighted,
  a brief description is given of its function at the bottom of
  the screen.
  
  Other menus have either a letter highlighted in each choice, or
  items are numbered. Press the letter or number as appropriate,
  to execute your choice.
  
  Press F1 for a description of menu choices. Pressing ESCape
  aborts most procedures, and returns you to the previous (higher
  level) menu.
  
  
 Prompts  . . .
  
  At prompts that ask a question, the available options are given
  in parentheses. For example (Y/N/Q) allows Y for Yes, N for No
  and Q for Quit. Commonly, a default answer is given. Pressing
  ESCape will usually abort the procedure.
  
  Frequently, a brief description explaining the options is given
  at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, press F1 for help.
  
  
 Printing  . . .
  
  Ham Log is designed to print on paper that allows 77 characters
  width in the default font (compatible with laser printers).
  Labels should be single labels across. Margins and spacing
  between labels can be set in the Set-Up QSL Print Formats from
  Utilities.
  
  Using smaller fonts or line spacing allows smaller paper than
  the common A4 or 11" X 8.25" sizes to be used. Ham Log will not
  alter any of your printer's settings. Continuous or manual feed,
  maximum lines per page and printer port may be configured from
  the Set-Up Program Defaults in Utilities. The top of the page
  should be aligned with the printer head (excluding printers with
  form feed facilities).
  
  LPT1: is the common printer output port on IBM computers. When
  this port is used, checks are made of the printer's on/off-line
  status prior (and during) printing.
  
  
 Editing Fields . . .
  
  The Insert key will toggle between insert and type-over modes.
  
  If you wish to abort changes made to a field press Ctrl + U to
  return the field to its previous information.
  
  Ctrl + Y will blank a line or field.
  
  In the text editor (or General Station Information facility),
  some standard word processing functions are available, including
  automatic word wrap. To save (to disk) the contents of the text
  editor facility you must press F5. Indeed, pressing F5 will
  complete and save any screen of fields.
  
  
 Time and Date Formats  . . .
  
  Times used in Ham Log are 24 hour format. For example, 4:15 pm
  is 16:15, 12:30 am is 00:30. Dates can be either DD/MM/YYYY or
  MM/DD/YYYY formats. Times and Dates are in U.T.C. assuming that
  you have set your local time zone from Set-Up Program Defaults
  in Utilities. Obviously, your computer's time and date must be
  correct.
  
  
 Back-Up / Restore  . . .
  
  Apart from making back-ups of your original disks (and any
  upgrade disks), you must make a "main" back-up of all your data
  files. Please keep these back-ups in a safe place.
  
  The only files you then need regularly back-up are the  LOGn.UG1
  files, where n represents the six logs (1 - 6). Files with the
  extension  .DTA  and the file  HAM.INI  retain your various
  defaults. Files with the extension .XG1 are index files that can
  be updated from a restored LOGn.UG1 file.
  
  In the event of a loss of data files, you can either re-install
  Ham Log, or copy back your "main" back-up (as outlined above).
  Then copy back your latest back-up of your LOGn.UG1 files,
  overwriting the originals. Delete the file HAM.INI if it exists.
  Next, run the supplied program:  FIXINDEX.EXE . This corrects
  all index files. Execute Ham Log and complete the Set-Up Program
  Defaults and the QSO Log Database Set-Up. Ham Log will update
  the other files. Recalculate the statistics.
  
  If you simply copy back a back-up of your current log, then you
  must run the Sort & Repair Databases routine from Utilities.
  Failure to do so will give erroneous results. All other files
  must be present.
  
  Note to Upgrade Users:
    
    Upgrades do not come with certain data files to avoid
    overwriting your important data. As such, as well as keeping a
    back-up of your upgrade disks, you should retain a back-up of
    your original disks. These will be needed should you have a
    complete hard disk failure. Alternatively, you must maintain
    one back-up of all files - a "main" back-up, as described
    above, after installing the upgrade.
    
 Updating Entities Worked & Confirmed (without entering your old
  log)  . . .
  
  You may have been active for some time before receiving Ham Log,
  so you may wish to have the correct entities record to reflect
  your previous contacts.
  
  To make the program accurate, you should enter each contact that
  meets the following criteria for each entity:
  
  -   First contact for each of the log's two modes
  -   First confirmed contact, again for each of the log's modes
  
  This will ensure that Ham Log has details of all entities your
  station has worked and confirmed, for each of the log's two
  modes.
  
  To enter old QSOs, set a default date or set the default not to
  add the current U.T.C. Date and Time (Utilities Choice 1) for
  new QSOs. (See "Adding a New QSO" in chapter 5 The Radio Log).
  
  
 Modes of Transmission  . . .
  
  Ham Log allows two modes of transmission for each log. The
  entity worked and confirmed information is available for each
  mode in a log.
  
  The modes available (listed with their key letter) are:
  
    P - PHONE   C - C.W.    F - F.M.    A - PACTOR
    R - RTTY    K - PACKET  T - AMTOR   I - IMAGE
    G - G-TOR   D - DIGI    S - SSTV    M - A.M.
  
  The modes for each log are selected in the Set-Up Log Databases
  facility in Utilities.
  
  
 Selecting an Entity  . . .
  
  When you need to select an entity (for example, when changing
  the entity for a QSO or locating QSOs with a particular entity),
  Ham Log will provide a list of all entities from which to
  choose.
  
  They are listed in order of Current DXCC entities first, Deleted
  DXCC entities (in order of year deleted), then lastly Non-DXCC
  Entities. Within each group the entities are listed
  alphabetically.
  
  The information for each entity includes its name, main amateur
  prefix, any notes, and the year deleted from DXCC (if
  applicable).
  
  To select an entity, highlight it and press Enter. The cursor
  keys are used to move the highlight. Pressing any letter moves
  the highlight to the next entity beginning with the letter
  pressed.
  
  
 Tips for Upgrade Users  . . .
  
  - You can exit the program at virtually any time by pressing
    Shift + F10. This is a "rapid" exit facility.
  
  - Your old QSOs can have their Custom Fields replaced with the
    Call Sign. This enables most lists and reports to be confined
    to those QSOs with a specific station (by stipulating that the
    Custom Field must contain the call sign of the station
    desired). This is of particular use for net controllers.
  
  - Many of the brief error messages that previously required a
    keystroke to clear them will now clear automatically in a few
    seconds.
  
  - Help screens can now be scrolled using the cursor keys.
  
  - Years should be entered in four digit format. However, if 98
    or 99 is entered, then the program will assume 1998 and 1999
    respectively. Reports remain giving the year in the two digit
    format.
  
  - After adding a new QSO, when you return to the Log Scroll Menu
    the program will be ready for the call sign of the next QSO
    (until you press ESCape).
  
  - Check the new QSO and Log default options (Utilities Choice
    1).
  
  - As soon as the General Station Information is shown, it can be
    edited. To save it press F5 (as with the Text Editor).
  
  - Some additional error checking and validation of data is
    included.
  
  - You may wish to remove unwanted Text Editor Field files to
    save disk space.
  
  - A new utility is supplied that will rebuild corrupted index
    files. It is a separate executable program called:
    FIXINDEX.EXE .  See Trouble Shooting Appendix for more
    information.
  
  - There is now more sophisticated error detection in printing.
    Further, you can often abort long print jobs by pressing
    ESCape while it is printing. Reports no longer include
    "Continued next Page...".



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  4  

                   SPECIAL FEATURES of HAM LOG
  
  
 General Station Information  . . .
  
  This facility allows you to record (and save) any information
  that you may want when using Ham Log. The information, available
  throughout the program (F10), is saved to the file:  STNINFO.HL
  .
  
  Equipment settings, nets, schedules or broadcast details are
  items useful to have at hand. Many other suggestions are given
  in the facility itself.
  
  The General Station Information comes with a large amount of
  useful data. Some of the items include (varies with different
  entities): H.F. band plans, H.F. and 50 MHz beacon data, U.S.A.
  state relative to call sign (though no longer strictly adhered
  to), WWV propagation schedules, "Q" code, C.W. abbreviations and
  punctuation (over 100), temperature conversions and even a chart
  to record your linear or A.T.U. settings.
  
  The only limitation is your computer must have plenty of free
  conventional RAM and the STNINFO.HL file should not exceed 32 k
  in size.
  
  To bring up the General Station Information, press F10 at
  virtually any time in the program. You can edit and scroll
  through the information. To save the information, press F5.
  
  
 Multiple Logs  . . .
  
  Ham Log allows you to maintain six separate logs. At any time
  they may be combined with each other. Each log may contain up to
  99,999 entries.
  
  Common uses for several logs are portable or mobile operations,
  when using a special prefix, during a contest, or for creating a
  log from another log based on various criteria, perhaps when
  chasing a special award. A separate log can be used if you
  operate more than two modes. A log can also be devoted to
  another station for which you are the QSL Manager (see below).
  
  By using separate logs, all the data Ham Log produces can be
  provided for each log. Information such as the statistics,
  entities worked and confirmed are all shown for a specific log.
  QSL labels include the log's own call sign, and may include a
  brief message.
  
  If using a log as your main log, you can combine the contents of
  the other logs into it, thereby maintaining a comprehensive log.
  You can also create a new log based on the frequency, mode or
  Custom Field of QSOs from another log(s).
  
  
 Entity Information, Statistics  . . .
  
  One of Ham Log's main aims is to furnish full details concerning
  the entities worked (and confirmed) in each of your logs. This
  is ideal for seeking awards such as DXCC.
  
  As a station is worked, its entity is determined automatically
  (by prefix). You then have full access to all the information
  for the entity. This includes:
  
    Whether it has been worked (and confirmed) in both log modes,
    its prefixes, beam headings, DXCC status, Continent plus ITU
    and CQ zones. Even the current local time, and, for over 150
    entities, English translations for some common phrases and
    words used in amateur radio (see below) are provided.
  
  Lists can be made of all entities worked or confirmed (each
  showing details of the first applicable QSOs in each mode), and
  all entities not confirmed. You can also list all contacts with
  a specific entity. These lists can be confined to a specific
  range of QSO (or QSL received) dates, or even specific DXCC
  types of entities (see below).
  
  All entities, in order of prefix or entity, with DXCC validity
  shown, may be printed.
  
  Ham Log defines entities by their current A.R.R.L. DXCC status.
  The three types are: entities currently valid for DXCC, deleted
  for DXCC or Non-DXCC entities. Log and entity information is
  available separately for each type.
  
  
 Foreign Language Translations  . . .
  
  Translations of common English phrases and words used in QSOs
  are provided in over 20 languages. Ham Log recognises the
  appropriate language for over 150 entities, and these
  translations are available immediately during a QSO. In
  addition, brief translations for many more languages are
  supplied.
  
  These translations reduce the DX gap, while broadening one's DX
  scope. They provide the ability to send a few words in a foreign
  station's native tongue, which is usually most appreciated,
  showing consideration and knowledge.
  
  Many translations have been kindly supplied by amateurs world-
  wide. Some are phonetic translations, but all should be
  recognised by the native speaker.
  
  
 Contest Mode  . . .
  
  Ham Log can be set into a "Contest Mode" for operating in
  contests. It is also ideal for operators of DXpeditions. It
  enables rapid addition of QSOs as well as application of both
  Points and a Multiplier for each QSO.
  
  When a contact is made, details (including date, time, band and
  mode) of any prior contact(s) with that station are shown.
  Otherwise, the contact is added immediately, with all new QSO
  default values applied to the QSO. You need only complete the
  reports, points and multiplier values, as necessary.
  
  The last three digits of the "RST Sent" field can be set to
  increment by one for each new QSO. By setting the first three
  digits with a default report sent, this important field can look
  after itself.
  
  The log can then be listed with the points and multiplier for
  each contact shown, with totals given. This list can be in order
  of Date, Call Sign, Entity or Custom Field. The Statistics
  determine for each one MHz band:
  
    - No. of Contacts, in each mode
    - No. of Entities Worked, in each mode
    - No. of Entities Confirmed, in each mode.
  
  The program clearly indicates when the Contest Mode is invoked.
  All other functions are still available.
  
  
 A "Customised" Field  . . .
  
  The "Custom Field" allows you to group, sort, search, or list
  QSOs based on your own needs (other than Ham Log's standard
  indexes). Each QSO has a Custom Field that can be used to
  maintain several different groups of QSOs within a log. Ideal as
  a generic system for chasing many awards, information can be
  entered automatically if you wish. This can be pre-set for new
  QSOs, or a separate menu provides a number of choices for
  replacing the Custom Field in existing QSOs, based on many
  criteria.
  
  The Custom Field allows sorting QSOs as you wish, and logs can
  be created (or combined) based solely on the contents of Custom
  Fields. Temporary changes to the Custom Field of groups of QSOs
  can also be done, with their previous values restored later.
  
  
 Keeping Notes on a QSO (or Station)  . . .
  
  A text editor is available for each QSO, which can be saved to
  disk. It can then be retrieved as specific to a single QSO, or
  for every time the same station is worked (in any log).
  Important details of the QSO may be inserted automatically into
  the text editor.
  
  Uses include copying C.W., making notes about a QSO or
  conditions, or the station being worked. Another use is for
  importing text files from other programs such as data mode
  terminal programs.
  
  
 Fast, Automated Addition of QSOs  . . .
  
  Ham Log is designed so that QSOs can be added "on the run". As
  such, it must be a quick, simple procedure to add a QSO, even
  when not in Contest Mode. The program allows automation such
  that the only fields still to be completed during a QSO are the
  name, QTH and reports of the station being worked (comments can
  be added). Most other information may be either calculated by
  Ham Log, or pre-set as defaults.
  
  
 Taking Care of QSLs  . . .
  
  When a QSO is made, you can decide if a QSL is to be sent. Ham
  Log will keep a record of all QSOs for which QSLs have already
  been printed. (The date printed can be recorded in each QSO.)
  Thus, you can print (or list) all QSOs to QSL since it was last
  done. Otherwise, you can specify a range of QSO dates for those
  you have decided to QSL.
  
  Three standard label formats for QSLs are available for easy
  printing (examples are shown in Utilities). Two of these formats
  enable you to include a message on the label. Examples here may
  include brief details of your equipment, portable operations,
  QSL manager's name or other relevant information. Details
  printed include your log's Call Sign, Station Worked, Date and
  Time (U.T.C.), Frequency, Mode, Report and Please or Thanks (as
  appropriate) for the QSL.
  
  A "Custom Label Format" facility is provided for users with
  special QSL printing requirements. This allows you to select
  which fields to include, their order, several lines of
  additional text, plus other parameters. Coupled with a word
  processor or specialised printing program, this feature provides
  for virtually unlimited formats. (This facility may also be used
  by advanced users to produce a highly customised list of QSOs,
  not necessarily just for QSL printing.)
  
  While scrolling through the log, a QSL label can be printed for
  any QSO.
  
  
 A QSL Manager  . . .
  
  This feature expedites the receipt and sending of QSL cards.
  
  The station being managed sends a copy of their current log
  (just the LOGn.UG1 file where n is 1 - 6). With the QSL cards
  received, simply locate each QSO (sufficient details are shown
  to verify the contact) and press Q (for QSL). The QSO is then
  marked as QSL both sent and received (with the date applied),
  and the QSL label is printed.
  
  Using the multiple logs feature of Ham Log has significant
  benefits for the QSL manager. Each time a log is sent, the
  station being managed should then start a new log, which ensures
  no duplicate logs are sent to the manager. Equally, the QSL
  manager treats each log sent as a separate log. (Either party
  can maintain an exhaustive log by combining the logs.)
  
  Notes:
  
  - One of the six logs should be reserved for each station being
    managed, with the log file appropriately renamed when
    received. After selecting the new log, execute the "Sort and
    Repair Databases" and "Update All Entities" options from
    Utilities.
  
  - If the station being managed has added entities to their
    database, they must also supply a copy of both their entities
    and prefix database files, as your own will not be compatible.
    In such a case, it is easier to keep an entirely separate copy
    of Ham Log in a different directory for the station being
    managed.



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  5  

                          THE RADIO LOG

                  (Choice 1 from the Main Menu)
  
  
  The essence of the program is the Radio Log, accessed from the
  first choice on the Main Menu. Initially, one line of
  information per QSO is shown. The log may be scrolled in various
  orders. Press Enter and full details are available for the
  highlighted QSO (use the cursor keys to move the highlight). The
  QSO Menu then provides many functions, including information on
  the QSO's entity.
  
  The current log's Name, Call Sign and its two modes are shown on
  the screen. The General Station Information facility (F10) is
  always available.
  
  Initially, Ham Log highlights the last QSO of the log (in date
  order or the order pre-set in Utilities choice 1). The  Log
  Scroll Menu  is at the bottom of the screen. (If there are no
  entries in the log, then certain options are not available.)
  
  
                         LOG SCROLL MENU
                                 
  Pressing ESCape returns you to the Main Menu.
  
 Scrolling Through QSOs  . . .
  
  The order of the scrolled log entries is shown at the bottom of
  the screen. The initial order can be pre-set in Utilities Choice
  1. The order is toggled by pressing O for Order. The five orders
  available are:
  
    - Date of QSO
    - Call Sign
    - Entity
    - QSO Number
    - Custom Field
  
  When the order is changed, the highlighted QSO is placed at the
  top of the screen, with subsequent entries shown below in the
  new order. Suppose, for example, the highlight is on a QSO with
  W1ABC, and the order is Date of QSO. Pressing O changes the
  order to Call Sign and all contacts with W1ABC are now grouped
  together. Press O again, and all QSOs with the U.S.A. are
  grouped together (irrespective of prefix). The secondary order
  after that specified is always the date of the QSO.
  
  Moving the highlight and paging through the log is done by the
  cursor and Home, End, PgDn and PgUp keys. The arrow keys move
  the highlight up or down one QSO. The Home and End keys move the
  highlight to the first or last entries in the log in the current
  order. The PgDn and PgUp keys show the next or previous screen
  of entries.
  
  When you use the order of Custom Field, the contents of each
  QSO's Custom Field are shown in place of the Name field.
  
  
 Locating QSOs . . .
  
  You have several methods of finding a specific QSO. Press L to
  bring up the Locate Menu giving the following choices:
  
     1.  Call Sign
     2.  Date of QSO
     3.  Entity
     4.  QSO No.
     5.  Custom Field
  
  Choice 3 provides a list of entities from which to select the
  one you want. You are advised if the entity has not been worked,
  otherwise, the first QSO with the entity is highlighted at the
  top of the screen. Again, if the scroll order is changed to
  Entity, then all contacts with the entity will be listed
  together.
  
  
 Add a New QSO  . . .
  
  (The procedures for adding a QSO differ a little in the Contest
  Mode. These are explained at the end of this section.) You
  should be familiar with the options available from the Utilities
  Choice 1 - Set-Up QSO and Log Defaults.
  
  Ham Log looks for an applicable Current DXCC entity, after
  establishing the prefix from the call sign. If all possibilities
  are exhausted, the next search is on Non-DXCC entities followed
  by Deleted DXCC entities. If either of the latter two is
  selected, you are notified.
  
  If the call sign contains a slash " / ", then you can choose if
  Ham Log should determine the entity by the normal prefix in the
  call sign, or by the prefix that follows the slash (preferred).
  Exceptions are:  /P,  /PT,  /PT#,  /M  or  /#  (where # is a
  single digit), as these are deemed to be portable within the
  station's home entity.
  
  Press A for Add, and enter the station's call sign. If you have
  worked the station before, Ham Log will list all previous
  contacts (the scroll order is changed automatically to call
  sign), with the first QSO highlighted at the top of the screen.
  In this event, it is usually easier to add a copy of one of the
  earlier contacts (see "Add a Copy" under QSO Menu later in this
  chapter).
  
  Your pre-set defaults are applied to the appropriate fields, and
  the QSO is then shown, in either Main or Full details format.
  After completing other details of the contact, the QSO Menu
  appears at the bottom of the screen. See "QSO Menu" later in
  this chapter for details of the various options. When you exit
  back to the Log Scroll Menu, the program will prompt for the
  next QSO's call sign. Leave it blank (or press ESCape) if you do
  not want to add another QSO.
  
  In Contest Mode, if you have already worked the station, the
  screen is cleared and  all  previous contacts are shown, with
  the details of Date, Time, Frequency, Mode, and Reports. You are
  then prompted to confirm the addition of the contact. If you do,
  then the QTH field is marked as:  WORKED  BEFORE.
  
  Otherwise, the QSO is added directly, with all pre-set defaults
  (Frequency, Mode, Reports, Points and Multiplier, Custom Field,
  Comments plus U.T.C. date and times) applied. The fields that
  may require completion are the Reports and Points (including
  Multiplier). For speed, if your report sent field contains
  information by default, the cursor jumps straight to the first
  blank space in the report received field. Press PgDn when
  complete, and you are immediately returned to the Log Scroll
  Menu, ready to add another contact. Good luck in the contest!
  
  
 Update Entities  . . .
  
  (This menu choice is also available in the Entity Scroll Menu.)
  
  This option updates the information held on any entity that the
  program considers may need updating. This is rare, and should
  only arise if you delete or edit a QSO that was an entity's
  first contact (or confirmed contact), in either mode. The
  editing needs to have been such that the entity was changed, or
  the QSL Received field was changed from Yes to No.
  
  When viewing details about an entity (F3), a message indicates
  if the entity's information needs updating.
  
  If updating is necessary, you do not need to bother with
  selecting this option. The entities database is updated
  automatically if required when you return to the Main Menu.
  
  The reason Ham Log does not immediately update an entity is
  speed. With a large log it may take a little time. All entities
  that need updating are best updated in the one process.
  
  (See chapter 9 Utilities for further information.)
  
  
 Prefix Search  . . .
  
  (This menu choice is also available in the QSO Menu and the
  Entity Scroll Menu.)
  
  This option lets you quickly find the entity (or entities) for
  any prefix (or call sign). The information shown includes:
  whether the entity has been worked in each mode, confirmed in
  each mode, if it is valid for DXCC (and the year deleted from
  DXCC if applicable), plus the short path beam heading.
  
  Enter any prefix desired. If you do not enter a full prefix (or
  enter one common to more than one entity), then each entity with
  a prefix beginning with what you entered is shown. (If you enter
  a call sign, Ham Log will automatically determine the prefix.)
  
  
 QSL Manager  . . .
  
  This option is intended for QSL managers to expedite the
  handling of QSL cards, though certainly not exclusively. When
  selected, the highlighted QSO has both QSL Sent and Received
  fields changed to Yes, their respective dates updated, and a QSL
  is printed.
  
  Thus, when a QSL is received, the manager simply locates and
  verifies the contact, and presses Q.
  
  (Do not confuse this choice with the QSL option in the QSO Menu,
  which simply changes the status of the QSL Sent field.)
  
  See "QSL Manager" in chapter 3 Tips For Using Ham Log for
  additional information.
  
  
 List Entities (F2) . . .
  
  Press F2 to display a list of all entities (for quick
  reference). The information for each entity includes its name,
  main amateur prefix, any notes, and the year deleted from DXCC
  (if applicable).
  
  
 QSO's Entity Details (Including Foreign Language Translations)
  (F3)  . . .
  
  Pressing F3 provides full details about the entity of the
  highlighted QSO.
  
  If the entity is one of the over 150 entities for which Ham Log
  has appropriate foreign language translations, these will be
  shown if you press F3 again.
  
  
 QSO Details (Enter)  . . .
  
  Press Enter to view the highlighted QSO in detail. This brings
  you to the QSO Menu.
  
  
                             QSO MENU
                                 
  From this menu you can edit the QSO shown, as well as scroll
  through the QSOs one at a time. The scroll order (shown at the
  bottom of the screen), can be toggled (as in the Log Scroll
  Menu) by pressing O. When you press ESCape to exit, Ham Log
  returns to the same position in the log with the same scroll
  order as when you left the Log Scroll Menu.
  
  You have two choices of screens to view (and edit) a QSO. The
  "Main" details displays only the QSO's important fields, with
  some brief information about the QSO's entity. The "Full"
  details screen includes all information about the QSO, together
  with many details about the QSO's entity. These screens can be
  toggled by pressing F6.
  
  When adding a QSO, first complete details of the QSO before
  accessing the menu.
  
  
 Edit  . . .  

  Selecting this choice allows you to edit the QSO's fields shown,
  depending on which screen you have chosen (press F6 to change
  it). (See "Text Editing" in chapter 3 Tips For Using Ham Log for
  information on special functions when editing fields.)
  
  In Contest Mode, the Points and Multiplier fields are also
  available to edit. When using the Main details screen, you can
  then only edit the Reports, Custom Field, Points, Multiplier and
  Comments fields. This is to enable easy editing of these Contest
  Mode related fields. Changing to the Full details screen allows
  editing of all QSO fields.
  
  If the QSL Sent or QSL Received fields are made "No", then their
  respective date fields will be blanked automatically.
  
  Please note that Ham Log's statistics are based on the QSO's
  frequency (it divides the log into groups of one MHz; see
  chapter 8 Statistics for further information). Also, you can
  combine QSOs into other logs based on the frequency field. Where
  conventional "bands" cover more than one megahertz (e.g.: 10
  metres), you may wish to use the frequency field to refer just
  to the band (e.g.: 28 MHz) rather than entering the exact
  frequency (which could be included in the Comments field).
  
  If you change the call sign, then a check is made to ensure the
  contact has the correct entity applied. If the call contains a "
  / ", then the check is done on what follows the slash (only if a
  Current DXCC entity is found and with the exceptions discussed
  above in "Add a New QSO"). If a different entity is selected,
  you are given the option to accept the new entity.
  
  Press PgDn (or F5) when you have finished editing the QSO.
  
  
 Change QSO's Entity (F2)  . . .
  
  In the unusual event that you need to change the entity for a
  QSO, press F2. All entities are shown, with the current entity
  for the QSO highlighted. Highlight the entity you want and press
  Enter. (See "Selecting an Entity" in chapter 3 Tips For Using
  Ham Log for more information.)
  
  Ham Log provides four "entities" that may assist you in adding a
  QSO should it lack an entity. These are:
  
    - Unknown             (no. 0)
    - Space / Satellites  (no. 997)
    - Maritime Mobile     (no. 998)
    - Special Prefix      (no. 999)
  
  See chapter 6 Entity & Prefix Databases for further information.
  
  
 Foreign Language Translations (F3)  . . .
  
  If the entity is one of the over 150 entities for which Ham Log
  has appropriate foreign language translations, these are shown
  by pressing F3.
  
  
 Print QSO  . . .
  
  This function will print a copy of the QSO in the format
  selected in Set-Up QSL Print Formats from Utilities. You can set
  Ham Log to apply automatically the current date in the QSL Sent
  Date field if you wish (see "QSO and Log Defaults" in
  Utilities).
  
  When using the Custom Label Format facility, the details are
  sent to a DOS file. It is named:  "#####_*.QSL"   where ##### is
  the QSO No. and * is the Log No. (1 - 6).
  
  When printing, Ham Log will prompt to check if the printer is
  on-line. (This can be cancelled in the Set-Up QSL Print Formats
  facility in Utilities.) No form feeds are sent. If the pre-set
  format is the "Full Details" format, then whatever QSO details
  screen is in use (toggled by F6) is what will be printed.
  
  Please note that to execute this option, press R as in PRINT.
  
  
 Delete QSO  . . .
  
  This permanently deletes a QSO. You are prompted to confirm the
  request.
  
  If deleted, the program returns to the Log Scroll Menu. The
  entities database will be amended automatically as necessary.
  Any saved to disk text editor field, if named by the QSO and Log
  Nos., will also be deleted.
  
  
 Add a Copy of QSO  . . .
  
  This option adds a new QSO that contains most of the information
  in the current QSO. It is useful when you are working a station
  for the second (or subsequent) time, and saves having to re-
  enter the Name, QTH, Call Sign and any comments.
  
  The Times, Date, Reports and QSL information are not copied  -
  the pre-set defaults are applied as with new QSOs. (See "Text
  Editor for QSO" below for information on "copying" this field.)
  
  
 Update Time End  . . .
  
  Pressing U automatically Updates the Time End field with the
  current U.T.C. time. Use this when you finish a QSO.
  
  If, after adding a QSO, you press ESCape (to return to the Log
  Scroll Menu) Ham Log can automatically update the Time End field
  if it was left blank. (This can be set in Set-Up QSO & Log
  Defaults - Utilities.)
  
  
 Prefix Search  . . .
  
  (Please refer to the Log Scroll Menu above for information on
  this option.)
  
   QSL  . . .
  
  Pressing Q toggles the QSL Sent field from Yes to No, or No to
  Yes (as the case may be), without having to edit the QSO.
  
  When Yes, the field is intended initially to indicate a QSL is
  to be sent. Subsequently, when a QSL listing is done from the
  List / Print Menu (or you print the QSO), the date printed can
  be entered automatically into the QSL Sent Date field, thereby
  indicating the QSL has been sent. (This is an option, set in
  Set-Up QSO & Log Defaults - Utilities).
  
  If the field is changed to No, then any date in the QSL Sent
  Date field will be deleted.
  
  (Do not confuse this option with the "QSL Manager" in the Log
  Scroll Menu.)
  
  
 Text Editor for QSO  (F4)  . . .
  
  Press F4 to bring up Ham Log's text editor. This can have many
  uses. Examples include making notes on the QSO / station, or
  coping C.W. with the keyboard. Depending on how it is saved, the
  information can be retrieved either just at the specific QSO, or
  at any QSO (in any log) with the same station. The latter method
  will be useful for stations you work often and wish to retain
  some detailed notes or comments.
  
  Simple text editing functions are available. Words are wrapped
  around the line, the Insert key toggles between insert and type-
  over modes, Ctrl + PgUp / PgDn goes to the top / bottom, Ctrl +
  Y deletes a line and Ctrl + T a word.
  
  You must press F5 to save the contents of the text editor (to
  disk), or ESCape to abort. Text editor files created by Ham Log
  can be easily printed from DOS.
  
  The text editor can also be used to import any text file that
  you may wish to associate with the QSO. Examples may be the
  capture log file of a QSO in a digital mode (e.g.: AMTOR). The
  ASCII text file (no larger than 32 k is recommended) must be
  correctly named.
  
  Ham Log allows the text editor's DOS file to be named by either:
  QSO and Log Nos.  or  Call Sign. If named by QSO and Log Nos.
  then the text editor is only available at its specific QSO. When
  named by Call Sign, then the information is available at any QSO
  with that station (in any log). The naming protocol used is set
  in the Set-Up QSO and Log Defaults - Utilities, and can be
  changed at any time.
  
  Should you wish to import a file into the text editor, it must
  be correctly named according to the method you are using. The
  naming protocols are...
  
  QSO and Log Nos:
  
  "#####_.*.TXT"  where ##### is the QSO No. and * is the Log No.
                  (1 - 6).
  
  Call Sign:
  
  "XXXXXXXX.TXT"  where XXXXXXXX is the call sign of the station.
                  NB: Spaces or non-standard characters are
                  removed. " / \ # " characters are replaced with
                  " - ".
  
  Please note that if you are using the QSO and Log Nos. naming
  method, then you will need to rename any text editor files if
  either: QSOs are re-numbered (Utilities choice 9)  or  combined
  into another log.



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  6  

                  THE ENTITY & PREFIX DATABASES

                  (Choice 2  from the Main Menu)
  
  The databases for entities and prefixes supplied with Ham Log
  are up to date at the time of release. The date of the A.R.R.L.
  DXCC list upon which the entity information is based is shown at
  the top of the entity scroll screen, as well as in lists based
  on Current DXCC entities. You may add your own entities and
  prefixes if you wish (see "Entity Updates & Entity Numbers" at
  the end of this chapter), or obtain a Ham Log update from your
  supplier.
  
  The most recent changes to the DXCC group of entities are shown
  in the "Latest Changes" choice in the Main Menu.
  
  In March 1998, some significant changes by the A.R.R.L to the
  rules governing DXCC came into effect. This included the
  decision that all countries be referred to as entities. Those
  interested in DXCC are advised to acquaint themselves with the
  various new rules and changes.
  
  
 Entity DXCC Status Types  . . .
  
  Entities supplied with Ham Log are divided into three types,
  relating to their DXCC status. These are:
  
  CURRENT DXCC  - Entities currently available for DXCC credit.
  
  DELETED DXCC  - Entities that were "current", but have since
                  been deleted. These remain valid for DXCC in so
                  far as they were available for DXCC credit.
                  (They are used in some DXCC counts.)
  
  NON-DXCC      - Entities that were never valid for DXCC. Often
                  geographical areas with a special prefix, or
                  maritime mobile for example. Also may include
                  any new entities supplied with Ham Log, that are
                  yet to be confirmed by the A.R.R.L. as Current
                  DXCC entities.
  
  In addition, the term: "DXCC VALID" is used to indicate both
  Current DXCC and Deleted DXCC entities.
  
  
  When adding a QSO, Ham Log searches for a Current DXCC entity by
  the prefix of the call sign. If none is found, then a search is
  made of prefixes for Non-DXCC entities, followed by Deleted DXCC
  entities. (If either of the latter two is selected, the program
  advises you.)
  
  Entities supplied with Ham Log cannot be deleted. Only the
  Notes,  Valid for DXCC,  Year Deleted for DXCC,  Year of Last
  DXCC Update,  and  Beam Heading  fields may be edited.
  Individual prefixes can be added and deleted. The Main Prefix
  field is reserved for Current DXCC entities supplied with the
  program, and cannot be changed.
  
  The operation of the entities area of the program is similar to
  the Radio Log section. Initially, one line of important
  information per entity is shown. The entities may be scrolled
  using the cursor keys, in various orders. By highlighting an
  entity and pressing Enter, full details of the entity and its
  prefixes are available (see "Entity Edit Menu" below).
  
  The General Station Information facility (F10) is always
  available.
  
  Initially, the program highlights the first Current DXCC entity
  (alphabetically). The  Entity Scroll Menu  is at the bottom of
  the screen.
  
  
                        ENTITY SCROLL MENU

  Pressing ESCape returns you to the Main Menu.
  
  
 Scrolling Through Entities  . . .
  
  The order of the scrolled entities is shown at the bottom of the
  screen. The order is "DXCC, Entity Name", but can be toggled by
  pressing  O  for Order. The orders available are:
  
    - DXCC,  Entity Name
    - DXCC,  Main Prefix
    - Entity Name
    - Entity Number
  
  The "DXCC, Entity Name" order lists all Current DXCC entities
  first, followed by Deleted DXCC entities (in order of year
  deleted), then lastly Non-DXCC entities. Within each group the
  entities are listed alphabetically. The "DXCC, Main Prefix"
  order is the same except the alphabetical order is the A.R.R.L.
  Main Prefix.
  
  Entity Name lists all entities alphabetically irrespective of
  type. Entity Number shows the entities in order of Ham Log's
  entity number. This is similar to the order of entities
  published in A.R.R.L. DXCC lists in the early 1990's, followed
  by recent entity additions.
  
  When the order is changed, the highlighted entity is placed at
  the top of the screen, with subsequent entities shown below in
  the new order.
  
  Moving the highlight and paging through the entities is done by
  the cursor and Home, End, PgDn and PgUp keys. The arrow keys
  move the highlight up and down one entity. The Home and End keys
  move the highlight to the first or last entities while the PgDn
  and PgUp keys show the next or previous screen of entities.
  
  
 Locating Entities  . . .
  
  Finding a specific entity is simple. Press L to bring up the
  Locate Menu, giving the following choices:
  
    1.Entity Name
    2.Prefix
    3.Entity No.
  
  Choice 1 only requires you to enter sufficient letters to
  identify the entity. The first entity beginning with what you
  enter is highlighted at the top of the screen. Choice 2 is a
  search on all individual prefixes.
  
  
 Add a New Entity  . . .
  
  Ensure that you really need to add an entity. See "Entity
  Updates & Entity Numbers" at the end of this chapter. Please
  note that new entities in future updates will not be compatible
  with entities you have added.
  
  After pressing A for Add, enter the name of the new entity. You
  are prompted to confirm the addition of the entity. For Ham Log
  to determine the entity when a QSO is added, its prefix(es) must
  be supplied.
  
  The Continent, ITU and CQ Zones as well as the entity's DXCC
  status should be provided. The time zone field requires the
  number of hours the entity's time zone is to U.T.C. Press F1 for
  further explanations of the fields.
  
  After completing details of the entity, the Entity Edit Menu is
  at the bottom of the screen. See "Entity Edit Menu" below for
  details of the various options.
  
  
 Update Entities  . . .
  
  (This menu choice is also available in the Log Scroll Menu.)
  
  This option updates the information held on any entity that the
  program considers may need updating. This is rare, and should
  only arise if you delete or edit a QSO that was the first
  contact (or confirmed contact) with an entity, in either mode.
  The editing needs to have been such that the QSO's entity was
  changed, or the QSL Received field was changed from Yes to No.
  
  When viewing details about an entity, a message indicates if the
  entity's information might need updating.
  
  If updating is necessary, you do not need to bother with
  selecting this option. The entities database is updated
  automatically as required when you return to the Main Menu.
  
  (See chapter 9 Utilities for further information.)
  
  
 Prefix Search  . . .
  
  (This menu choice is available in the Log Scroll and QSO Menus.)
  
  This option lets you quickly find the entity (or entities) for
  any prefix (or call sign). The information shown includes:
  whether the entity has been worked in each mode, confirmed in
  each mode, if it is valid for DXCC (and the year deleted from
  DXCC if applicable), plus the short path beam heading.
  
  Enter any prefix desired. If you do not enter a full prefix (or
  enter one common to more than one entity), then each entity with
  a prefix beginning with what you entered is shown. (If you enter
  a call sign, Ham Log will automatically determine the prefix.)
  
  
 Entity Details (Enter)  . . .
  
  Press Enter to view the highlighted entity's full details. This
  brings you to the Entity Edit Menu.
  
  
                         ENTITY EDIT MENU

  From this menu you can edit the entity shown, as well as scroll
  through the entities one at a time. The scroll order (shown at
  the bottom of the screen), can be toggled (as in the Entity
  Scroll Menu) by pressing O. When you press ESCape to exit, Ham
  Log returns to the same place with the same scroll order as when
  you left the Entity Scroll Menu.
  
  When adding an entity, first complete details of the entity
  before accessing the menu.
  
  
 Edit  . . .
  
  This choice allows you to edit the entity's details. As
  discussed at the beginning of this chapter, you can only edit an
  entity's name, continent, zone numbers and time zone field if it
  is an entity you have added.
  
  The Valid for DXCC field (Yes / No) should be Yes unless the
  entity has never been valid for DXCC. If an entity has been
  deleted from the DXCC list, it can be retained as a "valid" DXCC
  entity, as contacts made before its deletion were valid for the
  DXCC award. Entities deleted for DXCC should have the year
  entered in the Year Deleted for DXCC field. It is suggested that
  you include the exact date in the Notes field. Also, change
  their prefix(es) as outlined below under "Add Prefix".
  
  The A.R.R.L. indicates with its rule changes of 31 March 1998,
  that all entities no longer valid for DXCC may be permanently
  deleted. If this occurs, it will be noted in the "Latest
  Changes" option in the Main Menu.
  
  The time zone field requires the number of hours the entity's
  time zone is to U.T.C. (e.g.: France is "01:00 -").
  
  The beam headings can only be accurate for one point in an
  entity. Usually this is either its geographical centre, or major
  city. Adjustment (if necessary) should be made to your beam when
  working the entity.
  
  Press F1 for a further explanation of the various fields.  
  
 Print Entity Details  . . .
  
  This function will print a record of the entity's details in a
  format similar to that shown on the screen. No form feeds are
  sent to the printer.
  
  Please note that to execute this option, press R as in PRINT.
  
  
 Add Prefix  . . .
  
  Each entity can have up to 20 prefixes. This option allows you
  to add a prefix. If the prefix already exists for another
  entity, details are first shown before you confirm the addition.
  
  Prefixes for entities that have been deleted from DXCC lists
  should have two asterisks included after the prefix. (This makes
  these prefixes obvious in lists.)
  
  
 Delete Prefix  . . .
  
  Enter the number associated with the prefix you wish to delete.
  The program does not allow the deletion of a prefix if it is the
  only prefix for a Current DXCC entity.
  
  Should you wish to change a Current DXCC entity's only prefix,
  first add the new prefix and then delete the old one.
  
  
 Entity Delete  . . .
  
  This function permanently deletes the entity and its associated
  prefixes. It is only functional for user added entities. You are
  prompted to confirm the request.
  
  Ham Log will change the entity of any QSOs with the deleted
  entity to "Unknown". Once complete, you are returned to the
  Entity Scroll Menu.
  
  
 Foreign Language Translations (F3)  . . .
  
  Pressing F3 provides the foreign language translations for the
  entity. Over 20 languages are supported, used in over 150
  entities. If the entity's language is not supported, a list of
  brief translations for many other languages is provided.
  
  
                 ENTITY UPDATES & ENTITY NUMBERS

  Future updates of the entities and prefix databases will be
  available to registered users of Ham Log. Contact your supplier
  for the latest details.
  
  Updates will include any new entities. If you wish to add an
  entity rather than obtain the update (which is only suggested if
  you have worked the entity), then the entity will be given a
  unique number that will be different from any update. There are
  several reasons for this; suffice to say that entities added by
  the user will always be separate from those entities supplied in
  Ham Log updates. Using Ham Log updates will be simpler. (See
  "Installing Updates" in chapter 2 Installation for further
  information.)
  
  To avoid conflict, Ham Log reserves the first 600 entity numbers
  for use with entities supplied with the program; new entities
  added by the user are given a number starting with 600. The
  maximum number of user added entities is just under 400.
  
  Ham Log provides four "entities" that may assist you in adding a
  QSO should it lack a conventional entity. These are:
  
    - Unknown             (no. 0)
    - Space / Satellites  (no. 997)
    - Maritime Mobile     (no. 998)
    - Special Prefix      (no. 999)
  
  Before installing an update of the Entities and Prefix
  databases, please read any associated  "READ.ME"  file, besides
  the "Installing an Update" section in chapter 2 Installation.



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  7  

                        LIST / PRINT MENU

                  (Choice 3 from the Main Menu)
  
  
  All lists can be sent to the screen, printer or a DOS file. For
  printing, ensure the printer defaults are set correctly (from
  the Set-Up Program Defaults option in Utilities). You can
  specify the number of blank lines between records on most lists.
  
  If sending the list to a DOS file, you need to supply a file
  name (the extension .TXT is added automatically). The file is in
  standard ASCII text format that can be loaded by word processors
  or text editors.
  
  All lists (except QSOs with a specific entity or QSOs to QSL),
  can be restricted to entities, or QSOs with entities, of a
  particular DXCC type. A menu provides these choices:
  
    1.  Current DXCC
    2.  Valid DXCC
    3.  Deleted DXCC
    4.  Non-DXCC
    5.  All
  
  For example, you can list all confirmed QSOs with Current DXCC
  entities. See "Entity DXCC Status Types" in Chapter 6 Entity and
  Prefix Databases for a description of the entity types.
  
  If listing Current DXCC entities, then the date of the A.R.R.L.
  DXCC list upon which the entities database is based is included.
  If listing deleted entities in choices 2 or 3 of the List /
  Print Menu, then their year of deletion is included.
  
  All lists (except choices 1 and 4), can be confined to a range
  of QSO dates. This means that the basis of the list is
  restricted to QSOs that occurred within the dates specified. For
  example, if listing "Entities Worked" and a range of dates is
  specified, only new entities worked within that period are
  listed. Additionally, listing "Entities Confirmed" may be
  confined to a range of dates when QSLs were received. All date
  ranges are inclusive.
  
  The lists are based on the current log. In the rare event that
  the entities require updating (indicated on the lower portion of
  the screen), this must be done before choices 2, 3 and 4 will
  function. Entities can be updated from either the Log Scroll
  Menu, Entity Scroll Menu or Utilities Menu.
  
  If Ham Log is in Contest Mode, then the lists from choices 5 and
  8 will include the Points and Multiplier values for each QSO,
  with totals of:
  
  Points,     Multipliers,     Points  X  Multiplier per QSO.
  
  
 Prefix / Entity Lists  . . .
  
  All entities can have up to 20 individual prefixes. (This allows
  for many I.T.U. prefixes). The Current DXCC entities have also a
  "Main Prefix", which is a field that contains just the common
  amateur radio prefix(es) used by the entity, as published by the
  A.R.R.L.
  
  After choosing which entity type to list, you then come to a
  menu giving you four types of lists. These are:
    
    1.  Prefixes  - All Prefixes
    2.  Prefixes  - Main Prefixes
    3.  Entities  - All Prefixes
    4.  Entities  - Main Prefixes
  
  Choice 1 lists alphabetically every individual prefix, providing
  the entity's name, its Main Prefix and whether or not other
  prefixes exist for the entity.
  
  Choice 2 lists alphabetically just the Main Prefix field, with
  the entity's name and whether or not it has multiple prefixes.
  For Current DXCC entities, this is a useful reference to have.
  
  Choice 3 lists alphabetically each entity, and provides every
  individual prefix.
  
  Choice 4 lists alphabetically each entity, and provides the
  entity's Main Prefix, Continent, ITU and CQ zones. Again, with
  Current DXCC entities, this is convenient to have.
  
  
 Entities Worked  . . .
  
  This list shows each entity worked, followed by details (in
  single line log format) of the first QSO in the modes specified.
  
  After choosing which entity type you want, you can then select
  if you would like to list only one of the modes in your log.
  
  (See "Update All Entities" in chapter 9 Utilities for
  information on how the first QSO's for an entity are
  determined.)
  
  
 Entities Confirmed  . . .
  
  This list shows each entity confirmed, followed by details (in
  single line log format) of the first confirmed QSO in the modes
  specified. It is an ideal list for awards.
  
  After choosing which type of entity you want, you can then
  select if you would like to confine the list to only one of the
  modes in your log.
  
  When listing confirmed entities, you can restrict the list to
  QSOs where QSLs were received within a range of dates. This is
  useful when applying for additional DXCC credit(s).
  
    Note:  The first confirmed QSO for an entity (in each mode) is
    the earliest QSO you had with the entity that is subsequently
    confirmed. When listing Entities Confirmed, Ham Log only looks
    at these QSOs. If their QSL Received Date falls within any
    specified QSL date range, they will then be included in the
    list.
  
  Non-DXCC Entities, if included, will have their name preceded
  with an asterisk. Deleted DXCC entities will have two asterisks.
  
  (See "Update All Entities" in chapter 9 Utilities for
  information on how the first confirmed QSOs (for each mode) for
  an entity are determined.)
  
  
 Entities Not Confirmed  . . .
  
  The purpose of this list is to provide a list of entities that
  have not been confirmed in both modes of the log.
  
  Alongside each entity are four columns, that indicate whether it
  has been worked and / or confirmed in each mode.
  
  As usual, you can select any type of entity you wish, though a
  range of dates cannot be specified.
  
  
 QSOs - Log Format  . . .
  
  This list provides all the important details for each QSO on a
  single line. There are various options enabling you to restrict
  the list to specific QSOs.
  
  Firstly, you can specify to list only QSOs with particular types
  of entities.
  
  Next, you have the opportunity to confine the list to QSOs based
  on the contents of their Custom Fields. This is one of the main
  benefits of the Custom Field, as it enables various groups of
  QSOs within a log to be listed separately. A list's heading will
  reflect any restriction you make by the Custom Field.
  
  When entering the contents for a "match" of a QSO's Custom
  Field, you do not have to be specific. You can stipulate that
  the field must simply:  "contain" what you enter (anywhere
  within the field),  begin with what you enter,  or be an exact
  match.
  
  An example for using the "Contained In" choice is where a QSO
  might qualify for use in more than one award, for example, a
  W.A.S. award and a CQ Zones award. QSOs for the first award may
  have "WAS" entered somewhere in their Custom Field, and "CQZ"
  for the latter. A QSO relevant for both awards can have both
  entered in its Custom Field. Then, to list all QSOs for the CQ
  Zone award, you need only specify that "CQZ" be contained in the
  Custom Field.
  
  Please note that the Custom Field is case sensitive, i.e., if
  you specify "wac", then QSOs with "WAC" will not match.
  
  With the single line of information per QSO, you may elect to
  replace the QSL and QSO No. information with the Custom Field's
  information. If the Contest Mode is invoked, then Ham Log
  includes the Points and Multiplier values in place of the QSL
  and QSO No. data (as well as the totals at the end).
  
  The order in which the QSOs are listed can be specified. The
  choices are:    Date of QSO,   Call Sign,  Entity,   or   Custom
  Field.
  
  Finally, you may restrict the list to QSOs that occurred between
  a range of dates.
  
  
 QSOs - Specific Entity  . . .
  
  This list shows QSOs with one entity in the standard single line
  log format. The order is Date of QSO, and a range of dates can
  be specified.
  
  Select the entity desired from the list of all entities. Ham Log
  will advise if the entity has not been worked.
  
  
 QSOs - To Send QSL  . . .
  
  This choice lists contacts where the "QSL Sent" field is Yes. It
  is used for printing QSL cards or labels. A range of QSO dates
  (not QSL dates) can be specified. It will list the QSOs in the
  format selected in the Set-Up QSL Print Formats from Utilities.
  If you are using the Custom Label Format, then QSL lists are
  sent to a DOS file.
  
  As each QSO is listed, its QSL Sent Date field can be updated
  automatically with the current date. This is an option, set in
  the Set-Up QSO & Log Defaults facility in Utilities.
  
  When you have completed one of these QSL lists (to the screen,
  printer or DOS file), Ham Log will remember the last QSO listed.
  Subsequently, when you run the program and select this option,
  Ham Log will ask if you would like to list all QSOs to QSL since
  the last list was done. (This function applies to each of your
  six logs.) If you choose not to, then you can still specify a
  range of QSO dates.
  
  
 QSOs - In Detail  . . .
  
  This list includes either the "Full" or "Main" details of a QSO,
  depending on which screen format you have chosen from the QSO
  Menu (see "QSO Menu" in chapter 5 The Radio Log for more
  information). Each QSO requires 13 lines.
  
  There are various options to allow you to restrict the list to
  specific QSOs. These are the same as for choice 5: "QSOs - Log
  Format". Please refer above for information.
  
  If the Contest Mode is invoked, then Ham Log includes the Points
  and Multiplier values, as well as the totals (discussed at the
  beginning of the chapter).



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  8  

                            STATISTICS

                  (Choice 4 from the Main Menu)
  
  
  The main statistics show the following details for each one MHz
  band:
  
  - Total Contacts, in each mode
  - Total Entities Worked, in each mode
  - Total Entities Confirmed, in each mode
  
  If the exact frequency for each QSO is entered, the statistics
  will in effect group them by band. Where conventional "bands"
  cover more than one megahertz (e.g.: 10 metres), you may wish to
  use the frequency field in QSOs to refer just to the band (e.g.:
  28 MHz) rather than entering the exact frequency.
  
  The totals given at the bottom of the report are mainly for
  contest or award purposes. They do not reflect the totals of
  entities worked and confirmed for a log. (These statistics are
  provided in choice 3.)
  
  The statistics may be sent to the screen, printer or a DOS file.
  The statistics (in choice 1) may take a little time to calculate
  with a very large log (depending on the speed of the computer).
  As such, once calculated, they are saved to disk. The menu shows
  the date the statistics were last calculated, the name of the
  log, its call sign and its description (all set in the Set-Up
  Log Databases facility in Utilities).
  
  
 (Re) Calculate Statistics  . . .
  
  If the statistics held are out of date, or not for the log
  wanted, then execute this procedure to recalculate the
  statistics on the current log. (If you have not previously
  calculated statistics you must perform this procedure.)
  
  The size of your log and speed of the computer affect how long
  it takes to calculate the statistics.
  
  
 List / Print Statistics  . . .
  
  This choice allows you to view the statistics on the screen,
  print them, or send them to a DOS file. The file is in standard
  ASCII format, and can be loaded by word processors. Sending them
  to a file requires you to provide a file name (the extension
  .TXT is added automatically). A check is made for duplicate file
  names.
  
  
 DXCC Current Log Status  . . .
  
  This option calculates the current log's record with both
  Current DXCC and Deleted DXCC entities. It shows the number of
  entities worked and confirmed for each of the log's two modes.
  This is a useful summary for DXCC purposes. Please note that it
  is calculated every time the option is selected and reflects the
  current log's status.



                            * * * * *


  Chapter  9  

                            UTILITIES

                  (Choice 5 from the Main Menu)
  
  
  The Utilities Menu provides a wide range of functions. These
  include setting various defaults, selecting the log to use,
  invoking or cancelling the Contest Mode, correcting any errors
  in the entities database, sorting and re-numbering the log
  database as well as a file maintenance routine (should any data
  files become corrupted).
  
  Listed below are details of each of the functions in the
  Utilities Menu.
  
  
 Set-Up QSO & Log Defaults  . . .
  
  This choice allows you to set certain defaults for new QSOs,
  various options for the log, and how the program is to start.
  These are saved separately for each log, and can be changed at
  any time.
  
  New QSO defaults are applied to QSOs as they are added. They
  save time and effort by applying the likely value to certain
  fields of a new contact.
  
  The fields that can be set are:
      
      Date(and times)   (not in Contest Mode)
      Mode
      Frequency
      RST - Sent
      RST - Rcvd.
      Comments
      Custom Field
      Points          (Contest Mode)
      Multiplier      (Contest Mode)
  
  The Mode and Frequency (even reports) might be set to the most
  commonly used. You need not enter a field in full, completing
  them as each contact is added. In Contest Mode, where reports
  are often uniform this can be most useful. Remember that the
  last three digits of the RST Sent field can be automatically
  incremented by one for each new QSO in the Contest Mode.
  
  A default date for new QSOs can be set (except in Contest Mode
  when U.T.C. is always used). This is useful for adding old QSOs,
  or if you are not using Ham Log "on the fly". As you add the
  QSO, you can then enter the times. If no date is specified, you
  have the option of having the current U.T.C. date and time
  applied (or leaving both date and time blank).
  
  The frequency field can be pre-set, or you can have the program
  apply the frequency of the last QSO (in QSO number order) to
  each new QSO. This is useful if you are shifting around the
  bands.
  
  If you have invoked Contest Mode, the Points and Multiplier
  values can also be set. (When not in Contest Mode, the Points
  field is given a value of 0, and the Multiplier field 1.)
  
  Apart from text, the Custom Field can have other information
  applied to new QSOs. This is of use for various awards and
  contests. The following information can be applied:
      
      ITU Zone    (of QSO's Entity)
      CQ Zone     (of QSO's Entity)
      Continent   (of QSO's Entity)
      Prefix      (of Call Sign)
      Call Sign
      Frequency
  
  The usefulness of some of these options may not be immediately
  apparent, especially to those not involved with many awards.
  Bear in mind that lists, creating or combining logs, searching
  and scrolling through logs can be done with the Custom Field. To
  select one of these, type the field's name into the Custom
  Field.
  
  The following are the other options for the log that can be set:
    
    - Whether to update the QSL Sent Date field with the current
      date when...
        - a QSL listing is performed from the List / Print Menu
        - a QSO is printed from the QSO Menu
          (useful to differentiate QSOs that have had their QSLs
          printed)
        
    - Save a QSO's Text Editor Field by either:   QSO and Log
      Nos.,  or  Call Sign
        (Please refer to "Text Editor for QSO" in chapter 5 The
        Radio Log for more information.)
        
    - The preferred QSO Details Screen (for new QSOs), either Main
      or Full details
        (Please refer to "QSO Menu" in chapter 5 The Radio Log for
        more information.)
    
    - The Main Menu Choice that you wish executed immediately the
      program is first run.
    
    - The initial log scroll order. This becomes the default
      scroll order each time the Radio Log is reached from the
      Main Menu. (Press F1 for a list of orders.)
    
  These defaults for each log are saved in the file HAMDEFn.DTA,
  where n is the number of the log (1-6).
  
  
 Set-Up Log Databases  . . .
  
  This routine allows you to select which of the six log databases
  you wish to make current (active). The two modes of operation
  for each log can be selected. In addition, you can give a
  specific call sign, name and description to each log. A log's
  name and modes are shown on most lists, as well as the screens
  in the Radio Log area of the program.
  
  The other important function is to combine or create a new log
  from an existing log(s).
  
  The Delete option allows you to delete all QSOs in the
  highlighted log. The log itself is not deleted. Please note that
  deletion is permanent.
  
  The procedure shows the six logs, with the currently selected
  log highlighted. The number of QSOs and the modes in use in the
  highlighted log are shown. Use the arrow keys to highlight a
  different log.
  
  Pressing Enter or ESCape automatically selects the highlighted
  log as the current log. If this is a different log from before
  (or has had QSOs from another log combined into it), the log
  index files are updated. This may take a short time if the log
  is large (depending on computer performance).
  
  
  Edit Log's Parameters  . . .
    
    Press E to Edit the highlighted log's name, call sign and
    description, as well as specify the modes of operation.
    
    The program allows two modes of transmission for each log;
    they cannot be the same. The entities database keeps records
    of the status of your log for both modes. This facility simply
    allows you to "name" the modes; you can change them at any
    time, when all contacts of the previous mode are changed to
    the new mode. The modes are included on reports, QSOs and
    QSLs.
    
    The modes available (listed with their key letter) are:
    
    P - PHONE   C - C.W.    F - F.M.    A - PACTOR
    R - RTTY    K - PACKET  T - AMTOR   I - IMAGE
    G - G-TOR   D - DIGI    S - SSTV    M - A.M.
  
    The key letter is the letter pressed when selecting modes
    throughout the program.
    
    When combining logs, only QSOs of the same mode in each log
    can be combined.
    
    
  Combine or Create Logs  . . .
    
    Press C to Combine the contents of a specified log into the
    highlighted log. You can specify to combine only QSOs of a
    particular frequency (band), and / or a particular mode, and /
    or based on the contents of their Custom Field. This powerful
    facility allows you to create a new log (by combining to a
    blank log), based on specific types of QSOs. You can then
    determine the entity records and statistics for this new log.
    
    A check is made to ensure sufficient disk space is available.
    The QSOs copied are given QSO numbers beginning with the next
    highest QSO number in the highlighted log (one for a blank
    log). (They may be re-numbered in order of date from choice 9
    of the Utilities Menu.)
    
    First, ensure that the two logs you wish to combine have the
    common mode(s) of the QSOs you wish to copy. If you wish to
    keep an exhaustive log of all contacts made from all your logs
    (irrespective of mode), then temporarily change their modes to
    those of this "complete" log. Once the logs have been
    combined, change the modes back to normal.
    
    Highlight the log to combine QSOs into. Then press C to
    Combine and specify the number of the log to combine QSOs
    from.
    
    You are now given the choice to combine all QSOs, or specific
    QSOs. Specific QSOs gives you the choice of mode, frequency
    and the Custom Field.
    
    If only one mode is common to both logs, then obviously that
    is the only mode that can be combined. You are still given the
    opportunity to specify QSOs based on frequency and / or Custom
    Field.
    
    Complete any details if specifying particular QSOs to combine.
    If you decide to specify QSOs of a particular frequency, you
    have the choice of specifying that QSOs to combine must have
    their frequency exactly as specified (an exact match), or
    begin with what you entered. For example, if you want all 14
    MHz QSOs, but have entered in some QSOs 14.1, 14.2 etc. then
    you would enter "14", and not want the exact match.
    
    You have three options if you wish to restrict the QSOs by
    their Custom Field. You can stipulate that the field must
    simply:  contain  what you enter (anywhere within the field),
    begin with  what you enter, or be an  exact  match. Coupled
    with the options available for inserting data into this field,
    this can be a powerful utility. Please note that the Custom
    Field is case sensitive.
  
  
 Set-Up Program Defaults  . . .
  
  This procedure is executed automatically the first time you
  install Ham Log to set certain critical defaults. Run it again
  if you wish to change any of the following:
  
  Monitor Type           - Colour, Monochrome or LCD
  
  Printer Port           - Serial or Parallel port specification
  
  Max. Lines per Page    - Maximum number of lines printable on
                           the paper size being used (minimum 20)
  
  Continuous Paper       - Continuous or Manual feed paper to your
                           printer
  
  Date Format            - Either MM/DD/YYYY  or  DD/MM/YYYY
  
  Local Time from U.T.C. - Number of hours (+ or - ) your time
                           zone is from U.T.C. (e.g.: France is
                           01:00 + ; remember to reset this field
                           should you have daylight saving)
  
  The Data Drive cannot be changed when the program is running. If
  you wish to change the drive, you must exit the program and
  delete the file HAM.INI on your data disk. Then re-execute Ham
  Log. The Set-Up Program Defaults will be run automatically, when
  you can then change the data drive.
  
  For further information on setting up the program defaults,
  please refer to chapter 2 Installation.
  
  
 Set-Up QSL Print Format  . . .
  
  This procedure lets you set the type of format to use when
  printing QSOs to QSL from the List / Print Menu, or singly from
  the QSO Menu.
  
  Three types of standard label formats are provided, together
  with the "Custom Label Format". The "Full Details" format is
  also available (not intended for label printing). This format is
  similar to the display currently in use from the QSO Menu (see
  "QSO Menu" in chapter 5 The Radio Log for more information).
  
  Examples of the three standard label formats are given. The Mode
  is printed as "2x " plus the name of the appropriate mode. The
  QSL: PSE / TNX is determined by whether or not a QSL has been
  received for the QSO. On label formats 2 and 3, a brief message
  can be included on the last line. You can also specify the left
  margin, and the number of line feeds between the labels (usually
  one). Labels must be one label across. No form feeds are sent to
  the printer when printing labels, which are best suited to
  printers with a tractor feed.
  
  You can instruct Ham Log not to prompt you to check whether the
  printer is on-line each time a single label is printed (from
  either the QSO Menu or the Log Scroll Menu).
  
  The Custom Label Format is designed for specialised QSL cards,
  providing virtually unlimited control over the format. The QSLs
  are sent to a DOS file. Normally, the file is brought into a
  word processor (or other print routine) where a pre-defined
  format is applied and the cards printed. By careful design, this
  facility can result in extremely sophisticated QSLs.
  
  The Custom Label Format allows you to select which fields to be
  printed (both QSO fields and up to five text fields), their
  order, whether to include (QSO) field names, whether to place
  each field on a new line, as well as allowing a specified
  "delimiter" character between fields and finally, the number of
  blank lines between records. Fields can be repeated. The text
  fields might include your name, address, call sign, station
  equipment details and so on.
  
  The file naming protocols are:
    
    "*_QSL.###"   where * is the Log No. (1 - 6) and the
                  extension ### is a number starting with 001 for
                  the first list.
                  This format is used when printing QSLs from the
                  List / Print Menu.
    
    "#####_*.QSL" where ##### is the QSO No. and * is the Log No.
                  (1 - 6).
                  This format is used when printing a QSL
                  individually from either the Log Scroll Menu or
                  the QSO Menu.
  
  When printing a group of Custom Format QSLs, Ham Log still
  includes the list's heading and its summary. This should be
  edited out before printing. The common method to print the cards
  is to use word processors' "Mail Merge" facilities. This enables
  you to set the layout and print style exactly as you want, for
  the information you have chosen to include from Ham Log in your
  QSLs. Once you have set up the format, save it as a document (or
  glossary). It should then be a simple procedure to send your
  QSLs from Ham Log to a file, bring it into your word processor
  and print the QSL cards to your exact requirements.
  
  
 Invoke / Cancel Contest Mode  . . .
  
  This choice toggles Ham Log's Contest Mode on or off. The
  Contest Mode is designed for speed and ease of use when
  operating in a contest. It is also ideal for operators of
  DXpeditions. Having set up the fields in Set-Up QSO & Log
  Defaults, a new QSO can be added with one key press after
  entering the call sign of the station worked. It is recommended
  that you use a separate log for each contest. The Contest Mode
  can be invoked or cancelled at any time. When in operation, it
  is clearly indicated on various screens.
  
  When listing QSOs in either the  Log Format  or  In Detail
  selections from the List / Print Menu, the Points and Multiplier
  values assigned to each QSO are included, together with log
  totals.
  
  When invoking the Contest Mode, you are given the choice to have
  the last three digits of RST Sent incremented by one for each
  QSO added. This is often needed in the report given to the
  station being worked. When a new contact is made, Ham Log gets
  the value of the last three digits in the last QSO's report and
  adds one. Should you reach 999, then the numbering will re-
  commence with 000.
  
  If you attempt to add a QSO with a station previously worked,
  then all previous contacts are shown, with details including
  date, times, frequency and mode. You are then asked to confirm
  if you wish to add the new contact.
  
  The current U.T.C. date and times are always applied to QSOs
  added in the Contest Mode.
  
  
 Custom Field Utilities  . . .
  
  This selection brings up the Custom Field Utilities Menu, where
  you can replace the Custom Field of various types of QSOs, with
  several options.
  
  The Custom Field can be used for scrolling, listing, searching
  and combining logs. The options in this menu give the ability to
  do all of these functions, on fields or other information that
  could otherwise not be done.
  
  After selecting the QSOs to replace, you are given several
  choices as to what to replace the Custom Fields with. The
  changes can be temporary, with the Custom Fields restored to
  their previous value. The number of QSOs replaced is shown at
  the end.
  
  The first six menu items provide various options for selecting
  which group of QSOs you want to replace their Custom Fields.
  These are:

    1. Entity is Not Confirmed...
       This selects QSOs with entities you have still to confirm.
       Useful if you wish to re-send QSLs in a further attempt to
       have an entity confirmed. You may stipulate a particular
       mode.

    2. QSL Sent, but None Received...
       This selects QSOs where you have sent a QSL, but not
       received one in return. You may stipulate a range of QSL
       Sent Dates, as well as specifying a particular mode.

    3. QSL Received, for New Entities...
       This selects QSOs that are the first confirmed QSOs where a
       QSL has been received within a range of dates (based on the
       QSL Received Date). You may stipulate a particular mode.

    4. QSL Received, Between Dates...
       This selects QSOs where a QSL has been received between a
       range of dates (based on the QSL Received Date). You may
       stipulate a particular mode.

    5. Custom Field is Currently "X"...
       This simply allows you to replace Custom Fields from one
       value to another. The value to replace ("X") must be
       specified (you are advised if it does not exist). Please
       note that the Custom Field is upper / lower case sensitive.
       As well as specifying a mode, the QSOs to be replaced may
       be restricted by a range of QSO dates.

    6. Replace All Custom Fields...
       You can specific the mode, as well as a range of QSO dates.

  Having selected the QSOs to replace, a menu appears giving you
  the choice of what to replace the Custom field with. Choice 1
  allows you to enter any text you want.
  
  Choice 2 numbers the Custom Fields sequentially - the first QSO
  is given the number 00001. Select from the following choices the
  order you want the QSOs numbered:
  
    Call Sign      Date of Log Entry      Entity      QSO No.
  
  Choices 3 - 6 replace the Custom Field with information from the
  entity of each QSO. Except when replacing with the DXCC Prefix,
  text is inserted into the Custom Field to enable you to search,
  list or identify its contents more easily. The choices are:
    
    Entity Field:     Replaced With:
    ITU Zone          "ITU:"      +    ITU Zone
    CQ Zone           "CQ:"       +    CQ Zone
    Continent         "CONT:"     +    Continent
    DXCC Prefix       Main (A.R.R.L.) Prefix
  
  Choice 7 replaces the Custom Field with the QSO's Call Sign.
  This allows all of Ham Log's lists to be confined to a
  particular station (or group of call signs).
  
  The final choice in the Custom Field Utilities Menu (choice 7)
  restores all Custom Fields to their previous values, prior to
  the last replacements. This allows replacements to be temporary.
  
  
 Update All Entities  . . .
  
  The entities database is up to date when it knows for each
  applicable entity the first QSO worked in each mode, as well as
  the first QSO confirmed for each mode, in the current log.
  
  During the normal course of events, Ham Log automatically keeps
  the entities database up to date with your six logs. The
  entities database will be updated when you select a log for the
  first time, or it has had new QSOs combined into it using the
  Set-Up Log Databases facility. Ham Log also incorporates various
  checking procedures  -  if an error is detected, all entities
  will be updated when you exit the program.
  
  Should you edit a QSO such that Ham Log determines that the
  QSO's entity details may require updating (e.g.: deleting the
  first contact), then the message: Entities QSO / QSL Information
  Requires Updating will be shown when displaying the entity's
  information. You can update just those entities (a relatively
  quick procedure) by selecting the "Update Entities" option from
  either the Log Scroll or Entity Scroll Menus. Otherwise, they
  will be updated automatically when you return to Ham Log's Main
  Menu.
  
  The purpose of this option in Utilities is to update all
  entities, whether necessary or not. You need only execute it
  when the message above is shown at the Main Menu. Otherwise, it
  is exceedingly unlikely that the entities database will be
  wrong, but if you believe that it may be, then execute this
  option.
  
  Two reasons why it may be inaccurate are:
  
    - if the date is changed of a QSO such that it becomes, or is
      no longer, the first contact or confirmed contact of an
      entity, in either mode, or
    
    - if a QSL is received for a QSO that occurred earlier than
      the currently held first confirmed QSO, in either mode.
  
  See also "Re-number Log QSO Numbers" below.
  
  The procedure involves Ham Log going through the current log and
  finding the first QSOs (in date order) for each entity in each
  mode. This is also done for the first confirmed (i.e., QSL
  received) QSOs with the entity.
  
  When managing someone else's log, this procedure must be
  performed each time you receive an updated log. (Both stations
  must be using identical entity databases.)
  
  
 Sort & Repair Databases  . . .
  
  This procedure performs two main functions. Firstly, it sorts
  the QSOs into the correct time order of each day, in the event
  that the QSOs were not added sequentially.
  
  The other function corrects problems that may occur should the
  data files become corrupted. All index files are updated.
  
  This procedure must be performed if you are restoring an old
  back-up of the current log. For example, if the current log is
  number one, the current log database file is LOG1.UG1. If you
  change that file by copying over it (from DOS) with another log
  database (for whatever purpose), then the index files will be
  incorrect.
  
  Further, perform this routine if you are experiencing any
  difficulties or erroneous information. These are most likely to
  occur if the computer is turned off before correctly exiting Ham
  Log, or a computer fault occurs.
  
  Sometimes, with severe file corruption, the program may not run
  at all. A separate program is provided that can be run from DOS
  or your file manager program. The program is called:
  FIXINDEX.EXE  and should be located in the same directory as
  your Ham Log data files. After executing  FIXINDEX  you should
  then select this "Sort & Repair Databases" option to ensure the
  index files are correct for the log currently in use. See the
  Trouble Shooting Appendix for further information.
  
  
 Re-number Log QSO Numbers  . . .
  
  This procedure re-numbers the log's QSO numbers sequentially,
  giving the first QSO in date order the number one. (Ham Log does
  not permit duplicate QSO numbers.)
  
  QSO numbering will be out of sequence if you do not add contacts
  in date order, or QSOs are deleted. The other reason for QSO
  numbers being out of order is if logs are combined. The new
  entries from the other log are given numbers starting from the
  highest number in the current log. Thus, the QSOs are unlikely
  to be numbered according to date order.
  
  This procedure should also be performed if you find that the
  first QSO with an entity is incorrect, even after executing the
  "Update All Entities" option. This can occur under
  extraordinarily circumstances, and this option will correct it.
  
  Note:  If a QSO's number is changed, and it had an associated
  text editor file named by the QSO and Log Nos. protocol (rather
  than Call Sign), then this file will need to be renamed, using
  the QSO's new number. (See "Text Editor for QSO" in chapter 5
  The Radio Log for further information.)



                            * * * * *


  Appendix  A  

                        GLOSSARY of TERMS
  
  
 A.M.    -   Amplitude Modulation mode of transmission.
 A.T.U.  -   Antenna Tuning Unit.
 AMTOR   -   AMateur Teleprinting Over Radio. A specialised form
             of RTTY with error correction routines.
 ASCII   -   A standard simple format for text files. It does not
             include any special formatting codes.
 C.W.   -    Continuous Wave, the mode of transmission used for
             Morse code.
 CONFIRMED    -   A QSO is confirmed when a QSL has been received
             from the station worked. This also means that the
             entity has been confirmed, in the mode of
             transmission used.
 CONTACT   -  A QSO; where contact is made between stations.
 CTRL   -     Abbreviation for the "Control" key on computer
              keyboards. Normally pressed while pressing another
              key.
 DATABASE   -   A collection of similar records. A log is a
              database of QSOs.
 DEFAULT   -  The value initially applied to a field, or answer to
              a question. The default entry for a field can often
              be pre-set.
 DIGI   -     Generic name for various digital modes of
              transmission.
 DXCC   -     The DX Century Club award, given when 100 Current
              DXCC entities have been confirmed. Awarded by the
              A.R.R.L. (and others).
 DXpedition   -   An expedition to a usually rare DX entity for
               amateur radio.
 ENTITY   -   What was previously termed a "Country" until March
              1998, when it was changed by the A.R.R.L.
 ENTRY    -   A record in a database.
 EXPANDED RAM   -   RAM beyond the maximum 640 k of conventional
              memory in a DOS computer. Configured using a special
              driver.
 F.M.    -    Frequency Modulation mode of transmission.
 FIELD   -    A database record comprises of fields, that contain
              specific information. Examples: Name, QTH, RST Sent.
 FORM FEED   -   A command issued to a printer to eject the
              current page and advance to the next page.
 G-TOR   -   A data mode of transmission. Short for Golay-Tor.
 I.T.U.   -  International Telecommunications Union.
 IMAGE   -   Image modes of transmission include Fast Scan T.V.
             (FSTV or ATV), Slow Scan T.V. (SSTV) and Facsimile
             (FAX).
 MHz   -     Abbreviation for MegaHertz. Frequency, expressed in
             million cycles per second.
 MODE   -    The method of transmission.
 ON-LINE   - The printer status when ready to print. Most
             printers' on-line status can be toggled on and off. A
             printer will be off-line when there is no paper.
 PACKET   -  A data mode of transmission. Reliable transfer of
             data between computers using packet switching.
 PACTOR   -  A data mode of transmission. PACket radio Teletype
             Over Radio.
 PHONE   -   Mode of transmission for voice communications.
 PREFIX   -  An amateur radio call sign comprises a prefix and
             suffix. The prefix denotes the entity (and sometimes
             a region).
 PRINTER PORT   -   The port or socket to which the printer is
             connected to the computer.
 QRX   -     "Q" Code: please standby.
 QSL    -    "Q" Code: confirmation of a contact (often a printed
             "QSL" card).
 QSO   -     "Q" Code: radio communication between two or more
             stations. Otherwise called a contact.
 QTH   -     "Q" Code: the location of a station.
 QTR   -     "Q" Code: the time.
 RAM   -     Random Access Memory in a computer. There are several
             types of RAM - Conventional (Base), Expanded and
             Extended. Unless specified, it refers to conventional
             memory, the first 640 k of RAM.
 RECORD   -  A record contains all information (stored in fields)
             pertaining to an entry in a database. In the log
             database, each QSO comprises a record.
 RST   -     The report of Readability, Strength and Tone of a
             radio transmission. (Tone is used in C.W. mode.)
 RTTY   -    Radio TeleTYpe data mode(s) of communications.
 SSTV   -    Slow Scan TeleVision - mode of picture transmission.
 SWL    -    Short Wave Listener.
 TSR    -    A Terminate and Stay Resident program, that runs all
             the time on a computer. Often loaded from the
             AUTOEXEC.BAT file, they take up valuable RAM and can
             disrupt other programs.
 U.T.C.   -  Universal Time (Coordinated). Previously known as
             Greenwich Mean Time. The international time standard.
             Sometimes referred to as "Zulu".
 WORKED   -  Made contact with (either a station or an entity).



                            * * * * *


  Appendix  B  

                         TROUBLE SHOOTING
  
  
  OPEN FILE ERROR RE-TRY (Y/N)?

  - Check the file is on the data drive (in the correct directory)
    specified in Set-Up Program Defaults. To change the data
    drive, exit the program, delete the file HAM.INI and re-
    execute the program.

  - Ensure the directory you were in when you executed the program
    is the directory that contains all the data files.

  - Run SCANDISK on the hard disk and correct all errors (use
    CHKDSK with the /F parameter to correct errors in DOS 5; refer
    DOS or Windows manual).

  - Sometimes index files become corrupted. A separate utility
    program is provided (new in version 4 of Ham Log) which will
    rebuild all index files. The program is  FIXINDEX.EXE  and
    should be in the Ham Log data file directory. It can be run
    from the DOS / Command prompt and should be run after running
    SCANDISK. After running  FIXINDEX  (see above), when you re-
    run Ham Log you should immediately execute the Sort and Repair
    Databases option in Utilities.
    
    If the program will still not run (exceedingly unlikely), then
    copy the HAMDATA1 program file from your original disk (not an
    upgrade disk) to the hard disk. Next, execute the HAMDATA1
    program file. WARNING: You will be prompted to overwrite each
    file. ONLY answer Yes to files with the  .XG1  and  .SG1
    extensions. To be safe, first copy your LOG#.UG1 files to a
    floppy disk ( COPY LOG*.UG1 A:\ ). Failure to do so may result
    in the loss of your logs.
    
    Then run both Sort & Repair Databases and Re-number Log QSO
    Numbers from Utilities.
    
  - Ensure your CONFIG.SYS file contains the line specified in the
    Installation chapter ( FILES=55  or higher). Increase this
    number, especially if your are running under multitasking
    environments such as Windows or DESQView. (This may not be
    required in Windows 98.)

  - Ensure you have at least 512 k of free base RAM, and using DOS
    6 or higher.

    If none of the above corrects the problem, please contact the
    programmer or your supplier.


  OUT OF MEMORY

  - The computer has run out free RAM, probably loading part of
    the program's text information. You must free up more RAM for
    the program (remove TSRs etc.). If the problem occurs when
    loading General Station Information, or a QSO's text editor
    field, then edit the file with a text editor and reduce its
    size (significantly). Neither should be greater than 32 k in
    size.

  - Use DOS 6 or higher and load as many TSRs and device drivers
    into "high" RAM as possible. Please refer to your DOS (or
    Windows 95/98) manual.


  PRINTER NOT ON-LINE

  - Ensure the correct printer port is specified in the Set-Up
    Program Defaults.

  - Check the Continuous / Manual Feed is set correctly.

  - Ensure the printer is ready, paper inserted, and the on-line
    button activated.


  PRINTER NOT READY RE-TRY (Y/N)?

  - Check paper feed, printer cables and any print spool buffer
    (if being used). Once corrected, press Y. Any other key aborts
    the program.

  - Check as per "Printer Not On-Line".


  INCORRECT FIRST QSO WITH AN ENTITY

  - May occur under extraordinarily circumstances. Execute the Re-
    number Log QSO Numbers option from Utilities.


  INCORRECT DATE / TIME APPLIED TO QSOs

  - Check that the correct difference in time between your local
    time and U.T.C. is specified in Set-Up Program Defaults.
    Ensure the + or - value is correct (- is used if west of
    Greenwich).

  - Remember that the current U.T.C. date may be plus or minus one
    day from your local time zone.

  - Ensure you have selected the correct option in the Set-Up QSO
    and Log Defaults. Note that these are set separately for each
    of the six logs.


  ERROR CODE 1

  - The requested help has not been found. Run the Sort & Repair
    Databases routine from Utilities. If the problem recurs, run
    the FIXINDEX procedure described above. If the error remains,
    please advise the programmer, with all details.


  ERROR CODE 2 or 3

  - The program is unable to find the entity to which a prefix
    belongs. Run the Sort & Repair Databases routine from
    Utilities.
  - This may occur if you are using someone else's entities or
    prefix database(s). In this case, you must have copies of both
    of their COUNTRY.UG1 and PREFIX.UG1 files.


  ERROR CODE 4

  - The prefix you wish to delete refers to a different entity,
    not the one shown. Please advise the programmer, with all
    details including the entity and prefix.


  ERROR CODE 5

  - The heading of the list you wish to print is possibly too
    large for the printer. Please advise the programmer of the
    exact list being done, with details of your printer and the
    set-up in the Set-Up Program Defaults procedure.



                       * * * * * * * * * *
