Newsgroups: fj.archives.answers,fj.lang.misc,fj.comp.oops,fj.sys.next
Path: galaxy.trc.rwcp.or.jp!coconuts.jaist!wnoc-tyo-news!news.iij.ad.jp!fu.bekkoame.or.jp!scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp!nito
From: nito@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp (Norihiro Itoh)
Subject: comp.lang.objective-c Frequently Asked Questions(1/3)
Message-ID: <D8xBrz.pG@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp>
Followup-To: fj.comp.oops
Summary: This first part of the comp.lang.objective-c FAQ postings
        tries to answer all your Objective-C questions.
Keywords: OBJECTIVE-C OOP LANGUAGE FAQ NEXTSTEP GNU
Sender: nito@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp (Norihiro Itoh)
Supersedes: <D807JG.AI@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp>
Reply-To: nito@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp (Norihiro Itoh)
Organization: BEKKOAME Internet, JAPAN
X-Newsreader: mnews [version 1.18] 1994-05/16(Mon)
Date: Sun, 21 May 1995 10:28:46 GMT
Expires: Wed, 5 Jul 1995 12:00:00 GMT
Lines: 711
Xref: galaxy.trc.rwcp.or.jp fj.archives.answers:361 fj.lang.misc:987 fj.comp.oops:856 fj.sys.next:500
X-originally-archived-at: http://galaxy.rwcp.or.jp/text/cgi-bin/newsarticle2?ng=fj.lang.misc&nb=987&hd=a
X-reformat-date: Mon, 18 Oct 2004 15:18:22 +0900
X-reformat-comment: Tabs were expanded into 4 column tabstops by the Galaxy's archiver. See http://katsu.watanabe.name/ancientfj/galaxy-format.html for more info.


Archive-name: Objective-C/answers.j
Version: $Id: answers,v 3.8j Sat May 20 18:10:49 JST 1995 nito Exp $


                               Objective-C$B4XO"(B

                FAQ(FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS)$B$KBP$9$k2sEz=8(B


$B$3$l$O(Bcomp.lang.objective-c$B4X78$9$k;0$D$"$k4XO">pJs5-;v$N:G=i$N0l$D$G$9!#$3$N(B
$B:G=i$N%Q!<%H$O(BFAQ$B=8$G!"Fs$DL\$O8x3+$5$l$F$$$k%/%i%9%i%$%V%i%j$N%j%9%H!";0$DL\(B
$B$O4JC1$J(BObjective-C$B%5%s%W%k%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!#(B

$B$3$3$G$O0J2<$N<ALd$KEz$($^$9!#(B

 1   Objective-C$B$H$O2?$G$9$+!#(B
 2   Objective-C$B$H(BC++$B$H$N0c$$$O2?$G$9$+!#(B
 3   Objective-C$B$O(B`Smalltalk$B$KN`;w$7$?%/%i%9(B'$B$r;}$D$h$&$K:n$i$l$?$H$O!"@53N$K(B
     $B$O$I$&$$$&$3$H$G$9$+!#$^$?!"7k2LE*$K(BObjective-C$B$NFC@-$H$O2?$G$9$+!#(B
 4   Objective-C$B$N(B`$BL%NOE*$JFCD'(B'$B$H$O$J$s$G$9$+!#(B
 5   $B8@8l$NL@$i$+$JLdBjE@$O2?$G$9$+!#$^$?!"$=$l$KBP$7$F;d$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$G$9(B
     $B$+!#(B
 6   Objective-C$B$G$O%*%V%8%'%/%H$N%+%W%;%k2=$O$I$N$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B
 7   $B%W%m%H%3%k$H$O2?$G$9$+!#(B
 8   Objective-C$B$K%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$O$I$&E,MQ$G$-$^$9$+!#(B
 9   NEXTSTEP, Stepstone, GNU CC$BHG$N(BObjective-C$B$N0c$$$O2?$G$9$+!#(B
 10  Objective-C$B$K4X$9$kJ88%$K$O$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$"$j$^$9$+!#(B
 11  Stepstone$B<R$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B
 12  NeXT$B<R$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B
 13  GNU$B$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B
 13a NeXT$B<R@=$G$O$J$$(Bgdb$B$r;HMQ$7$F(BObjective-C$B$N%G%P%0$r$9$k$K$O$I$&$7$?$i$$$$(B
     $B$N$G$7$g$&$+!#(B
 14  BPG$B<R$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B
 15  GNU Objective-C$B$N3+H/>u67$rCN$k$?$a$K!"FI$s$@$[$&$,$h$$%K%e!<%9%0%k!<%W(B
     $B$d9XFI$7$?$[$&$,$h$$%a!<%k%j%9%H$O$J$s$G$9$+!#(B
 16  Objective-C$B4XO"$N%3!<%I$r<j$KF~$l$i$l$k(BFTP$B%5%$%H$O$"$j$^$9$+!#(B
 17  $B$5$i$KB?$/$N>pJs$O!"!"!"!#(B

 ($B<ALd$r8+$D$1$k$K$O!"<ALdHV9f$G;O$^$C$F$$$k9T$r8!:w$7$F2<$5$$!#(B)

1   Objective-C$B$H$O2?$G$9$+!#(B

    Objective-C$B$O%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~%3%s%T%e!<%?%W%m%0%i%_%s%08@8l$G$9!#$3$l$O(B
    ANSI C$B$N>e0L8_49$G$"$j!"(BSmalltalk$B$KN`;w$7$?%/%i%9$H%a%C%;!<%8EAC#5!9=$r(B
    $BDs6!$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
    C$B8@8l$KBP$7$F!"(BObjective-C$B$O$o$:$+$J%-!<%o!<%I$H$=$l$r;Y1g$9$kC;$$5-=R$+(B
    $B$i$J$k9=J8$,DI2C$5$l$F$$$^$9!#9=J8$N40A4$J1~MQNc$O!"$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBh;0It$r;2(B
    $B>H$7$F2<$5$$!#(B
    
    `@interface'$B$O?7$7$$%/%i%9$r@k8@$7$^$9!#$3$l$O!"%/%i%9L>!"%9!<%Q!<%/%i%9(B
    $BL>!";Y;}$9$k%W%m%H%3%k(B(Q7$B;2>H(B)$B!"%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$NG[CV(B($B9=B$BN$K;w$F$$$k(B
    $B$,!">pJs1#JC(B($B%+%W%;%k2=(B)$B5!G=(B(Q6$B;2>H(B)$B$r4^$`(B)$B!"$3$N%/%i%9$,<BAu$9$k%a%=%C(B
    $B%I$N@k8@$r9T$J$$$^$9!#DL>o!"$"$k%/%i%9$N%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$O(B`<$B%/%i%9L>(B>.h'$B$H(B
    $B$$$&L>A0$N%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$5$l$^$9!#(B
    
    `@implementation'$B$O%/%i%9$rDj5A$7$^$9!#%$%s%W%j%a%s%F!<%7%g%s$O$^$5$K%a%=(B
    $B%C%IDj5A$N=89g$G$9!#%$%s%W%j%a%s%F!<%7%g%s$J$7$K!"<B9T;~$K%/%i%9$,B8:_$9(B
    $B$k$3$H$O$"$j$^$;$s!#DL>o!"%/%i%9$N%$%s%W%j%a%s%F!<%7%g%s$O(B`<$B%/%i%9L>(B>.m'
    $B$H$$$&L>A0$N%U%!%$%k$KJ]B8$5$l$^$9!#(B
    
    `@category'$B$O4{B8%/%i%9$KDI2C$9$k%a%=%C%I@k8@$N=89g$rI=$7$^$9!#%+%F%4%j$O(B
    $B%/%i%9$N4{B8%a%=%C%I$N:FDj5A$r5v$7$^$;$s!#(B
    
    Objective-C$B$OG$0U$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$X$N%]%$%s%?$r<($9!"$"$i$+$8$aDj5A$5$l$?(B
    `id'$B7?$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#$7$?$,$C$F!"(B`id obj;'$B$O$"$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$X$N%]%$%s%?(B
    $B$N@k8@$rI=$7$^$9!#%]%$%s%H$5$l$?%*%V%8%'%/%H$NB0$9$k%/%i%9$O$[$H$s$I$N>l(B
    $B9gL$3NDj$G$"$j!"(BObjective-C$B$O<B9T;~$K7?%A%'%C%/$r9T$J$$$^$9!#(B
    
    `-message;'$B$H$$$&5-=R$O!"(B`message'$B$H$$$&%a%=%C%I$N@k8@$G$9!#(B`-'$B$O%*%V%8%'(B
    $B%/%H$KAw$k$3$H$N$G$-$k%a%C%;!<%8$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$^$9!#(B`+'$B$r;H$C$?>l9g$O!"(B
    $B%/%i%9%*%V%8%'%/%H$KAw$k$3$H$N$G$-$k%a%C%;!<%8$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$^$9!#%a%=(B
    $B%C%I$O0z?t$HLa$jCM$r;}$C$F$$$k$H$$$&E@$,4X?t$H;w$F$$$^$9!#La$jCM$N%G%U%)(B
    $B%k%H$N7?$O(B`id'$B7?$G$9!#$b$7!"JV$9$Y$-M-8zCM$,$J$$>l9g$O!"%a%C%;!<%8$,Aw$i(B
    $B$l$?%*%V%8%'%/%H$X$N%]%$%s%?$G$"$k(B`self'(C++$B$N(B`this'$B$K;w$F$$$k(B)$B$rJV$7$^$9!#(B
    
     [obj message]$B!"(B[obj message: arg1]$B!"(B[obj message: arg1 with: arg2]$B$O!"$=(B
     $B$l$>$l%*%V%8%'%/%H(Bobj$B$K0z?t$,(B0$B8D!"(B1$B8D!"(B2$B8D$N%a%C%;!<%8$rAw$kNc$G$9!#%a%C(B
     $B%;!<%8L>$O%;%l%/%?$H8F$P$l$^$9!#$3$NNc$G$O!"$=$l$>$l(B`message'$B!"(B
     `message:'$B!"(B`message:with:'$B$,%;%l%/%?$G$9!#(B
     
2   Objective-C$B$H(BC++$B$H$N0c$$$O2?$G$9$+!#(B

    C++$B$O(BSimula 67$B$N%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$NN.$l$r5b$`$N$KBP$7$F!"(B
    Objective-C$B$O(BSmalltalk$B$NN.$l$r5b$s$G$$$^$9!#(BC++$B$G$O%a%C%;!<%8$rAw$k$3$H$N(B
    $B$G$-$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$O%9%?%F%C%/$J7?$H$7$F7hDj$5$l$k$N$KBP$7$F!"(BObjective-C
    $B$G$O%@%$%J%_%C%/$J7?$H$7$F7hDj$5$l$^$9!#(BSimula 67$BN.$G$O!"%3%s%Q%$%k;~$KB?(B
    $B$/$N%(%i!<$r8!=P$G$-$k$N$G!"Hf3SE*0BA4$G$9!#(BSmalltalk$BN.$G$O!"(BSmalltalk$B$G(B
    $B$O@5$7$$%W%m%0%i%`$J$i$-$C$HF0$/$@$m$&$H$$$&!"(BSimula 67$B$,<N$F$?=@Fp@-$,$"(B
    $B$j$^$9!#(B
    
    Stepstone$B<R$N(BObjective-C$B$O%@%$%J%_%C%/$*$h$S%9%?%F%C%/%P%$%s%I$NN>J}$r5v(B
    $B$7$^$9$,!"(BGNU$B$N$b$N$H(BNeXT$B$N$b$N$K$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(BANSI C++$B$O%@%$%J%_%C%/%P%$(B
    $B%s%I$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$r5v$7$F$$$^$9$,!"$=$l$r;H$&$N$O$d$a$?$[$&$,$$$$$G$7$g(B
    $B$&!#(B
    
    $BB?$/$N>l9g!"(BC++$B$H(BObjective-C$B4V$N0c$$$O!"5;=QE*$J>cJI$h$j$O!"9M$(J}$NLdBj(B
    $B$,$[$H$s$I$G$9!#$"$J$?$OB?>/$N0BA4@-$N$?$a$K=@Fp@-$r5>@7$K$9$k$D$b$j$,$"(B
    $B$j$^$9$+!#(BSimula 67$BLgN.$NJ[8n?M$O!"$h$/@_7W$5$l$?%W%m%0%i%`$K$OM>7W$J=@Fp(B
    $B@-$OI,MW$,$J$$(B($B$3$l$O13(B)$B$H<gD%$7!"(BSmalltalk$BLgN.$NJ[8n?M$O!"<B:]$K$O%(%i!<(B
    $B$OLdBj$K$J$i$J$$(B($B$3$l$b13(B)$B$H<gD%$7$^$9!#(B
    
    Objective-C$B$H(BC++$B$N<BMQE*$J0c$$(B:
    
C++$B$O%*%Z%l!<%?$N%*!<%P%m!<%I5!G=$r;}$C$F$$$k!#$"$k?M$?$A$O!"$3$l$,(B
`$BJ8K!E*$J:=E|(B'($BJXMx$J5!G=(B)$B$K$J$k$H9M$($F$$$F!"<B:]$=$&$G$9$,!"$=$l$O(B
$B:=E|$N$^$C$?$/$A$C$]$1$J$+$1$i$K$7$+$J$l$^$;$s!#(B

C++$B$OB?=E7Q>55!G=$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(BObjective-C$B$K$O$3$l$HF1Ey$N$3$H$r9T(B
$B$J$&$$$/$D$+$NJ}K!$,$"$j$^$9!#(B($B8e$NJ}$N5-=R$r;2>H(B)

C++$B$KDI2C$5$l$?J8K!$d35G0$O5pBg$J$N$KBP$7$F!"(BObjective-C$B$O$o$:$+$J?7(B
$B$7$$FCD'$r(BC$B8@8l$K2C$($?$@$1$G$9!#(B

3   Objective-C$B$O(B`Smalltalk$B$KN`;w$7$?%/%i%9(B'$B$r;}$D$h$&$K:n$i$l$?$H$O!"@53N$K(B
    $B$O$I$&$$$&$3$H$G$9$+!#$^$?!"7k2LE*$K(BObjective-C$B$NFC@-$H$O2?$G$9$+!#(B
    
    Objective-C$B$O%3%s%Q%$%k8@8l$G$9$,!"(BSmalltalk$B$K$h$/;w$F$$$^$9!#2<5-$O(B
    Smalltalk$B$+$i(B`$B$$$?$@$$$?(B'$BFCD'$N0lMw$G$9!#(B

      * Objective-C$B$O%3%s%Q%$%k8@8l$G$9$,!"(BSmalltalk$B$OItJ,E*%3%s%Q%$%k8@8l$G(B
$B$9!#:#$N(BObjective-C$B$N=hM}7O$O$9$Y$F!"$I$N(BSmalltalk$B$N=hM}7O$h$j!"(B*$B==J,(B
$B$K(B*$B9bB.$G$9!#Nc$($P!"(BParcPlace Smalltalk-80/4$B$O(BGNU$B$d(BNeXT$B<R$N(B
Objective-C$B$KHf3S$7$F>/$J$/$H$b;0G\$N=hM};~4V$,$+$+$j$^$9!#(B($B$3$l$O!"(B
`self.stanford.edu:pub/Self-2.0.1'$B$G(BFTP$B8x3+$5$l$F$$$k(BSelf/Smalltalk
$B%Y%s%A%^!<%/$r;HMQ$7$F7WB,$7$?$b$N$G$9!#(B)

$BJ}?K$NBg$-$J0c$$$H$7$F$O!"(BSmalltalk$B$G$O$9$Y$F$N$b$N$,%*%V%8%'%/%H$G$"(B
$B$k$N$KBP$7$F!"(BObjective-C$B$G$O!"Nc$($PJ8;zNs$r(B`char *'$B7?$K$9$k$+!"%*%V(B
$B%8%'%/%H$K$9$k$+A*Br$G$-$k$H$$$C$?$h$&$K!"%O%$%V%j%C%I7?$G$"$k$H$$$&(B
$B$3$H$G$9!#$3$l$,(BObjective-C$B$N$[$&$,9bB.$JM}M3$G$9!#JL$J4QE@$+$i8@$($P!"(B
Objective-C$B%W%m%0%i%`$N$9$Y$F$NMWAG$,%*%V%8%'%/%H$GI=8=$5$l$F$$$?$H$7(B
$B$?$i!"$*$=$i$/(BSmalltalk$B$HF1DxEY$NB.EY$G$"$j!"(BSmalltalk$B$,9T$J$($k4pK\(B
$B%/%i%9$X$N:GE,2=$,$J$$$3$H$G6l@o$9$k$G$7$g$&!#(B

      * $B<B9T;~$K%a%=%C%I$d%/%i%9$rDI2C$7$?$j:o=|$7$?$j$7$F$b9=$$$^$;$s!#(B(GNU
$BHG$H(BNeXT$B<RHG$G$O?7$7$$%/%i%9$H%+%F%4%j$r%m!<%I$G$-$^$9!#(BStepstone$B<RHG(B
$B$G$O!"%+%F%4%j5!G=$,$J$$$N$G!"%a%=%C%I$rDI2C$9$kM#0l$NJ}K!$O%a%=%C%I(B
$B$rDI2C$7$?$$%/%i%9$X(B`+poseAs:'$B$5$l$?%5%V%/%i%9$r%m!<%I$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O=@Fp@-$K$+$1$^$9$,!"%a%=%C%IDI2C$N$7$/$_$K$O0c$$$"$j$^$;$s!#(B)

      * $BJ8K!!"$9$J$o$A!"(BSmalltalk$B$O(B`a:method:name:'$B$N$h$&$K%a%=%C%IL>$r;HMQ$7!"(B
Objective-C$B$bF1MM$G$9!#(BObjective-C$B$G$O!"%a%C%;!<%8Aw?.$N9=@.$O(B
`[anObject aMessage: arg]'$B$N$h$&$K!"3Q3g8L$G3g$i$l$k$N$KBP$7$F!"(B
Smalltalk$B$G$O(B`anObject aMessage: arg'$B$H$$$&46$8$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

      * $B4pK\E*$J%/%i%93,AX$K$D$$$F$O!"(B`Object'$B%/%i%9$,D:E@$K$"$j!"B?$/$NB>$N(B
$B%/%i%9$O$3$N%/%i%9$+$iGI@8$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

      * $BB?$/$N%/%i%9%*%V%8%'%/%H$N%a%=%C%IL>$,F1$8$G$9!#Nc$($P!"(B`respondsTo:'
$B$J$I!#$?$@!"(BSmalltalk$B$G(B`doesNotUnderstand:'$B$H8F$P$l$F$$$k$b$N$O!"(B
Objective-C$B$G$O(B`doesNotRecognize:'$B$G$9!#(B

      * Smalltalk$B$O!"DL>o!"E>Aw!"%G%j%2!<%H!"%W%m%-%7$J$I$r<BAu$9$kL\E*$G(B
`doesNotUnderstand:'$B$r;H$$$^$9!#(BObjective-C$B$G$O!"$3$l$i$NLr3d$O0c$C$F(B
$B$$$^$9!#(B

    $BE>Aw!"%G%j%2!<%H5!G=(B: `forward::'$B$,E>Aw5!G=$r<BAu$9$k$?$a$K%*!<%P(B
    $B%i%$%I$5$l$^$9!#(BNeXT$BHG$K$*$$$F$O!"%9!<%Q!<%/%i%9$X$NAw?.$K$5$((B
    `forward::'$B$,;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
    
    $B%W%m%-%75!G=(B: (NeXT$BHG(B)NXProxy$B%/%i%9$N%$%s%9%?%s%9$,!"(BMach$B%a%C%;!<(B
    $B%85!9=$K$h$C$F!"%j%b!<%H$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$X$9$Y$F$N%a%=%C%I$H$=$N0z(B
    $B?t$rE>Aw$7$^$9!#(B

      * Objective-C$B$O!"$?$$$F$$(BSmalltalk$B$N$h$&$J%a%?%/%i%9$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
      
      * Objective-C$B$O!"(BSmalltalk$B$N$h$&$J%/%i%9JQ?t$r;}$C$F$$$^$;$s$,!"%V!<%k(B
$BJQ?t$H%0%m!<%P%kJQ?t$O@EE*JQ?t$K$h$C$FMF0W$K%(%_%e%l!<%H$G$-$^$9!#(B

4   Objective-C$B$N(B`$BL%NOE*$JFCD'(B'$B$H$O$J$s$G$9$+!#(B

    ($B%/%i%9$r3HD%$7$?>l9g$G$b(B)$B%/%i%9Dj5A$d%a%=%C%IDj5A$r<B9T;~$K%m!<%I$G$-$k(B
    $B2DG=@-!#(B
    
    $B%*%V%8%'%/%H$OF0E*$K7?IU$1$5$l$F$$$k(B: $B$9$Y$F$N7?>pJs(B($BL>A0!"%a%=%C%I$N7?>p(B
    $BJs!"%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t!"%a%=%C%I$N0z?t$N7?>pJs(B)$B$O<B9T;~$KL@$i$+$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
    $B$3$NFCD'$N$9$P$i$7$$1~MQNc$O!"(BNEXTSTEP$B$N(BApplication$B%/%i%9$N(B
    `-loadNibSection:owner:'$B%a%=%C%I$G$9!#(B
    
    $B1JB3@-(B [...].
    
    $B%j%b!<%H%*%V%8%'%/%H(B [...].
    
    $B%G%j%2!<%H$H%?!<%2%C%H(B/$B%"%/%7%g%s%W%m%H%3%k(B [...].
    
5   $B8@8l$NL@$i$+$JLdBjE@$O2?$G$9$+!#$^$?!"$=$l$KBP$7$F;d$O$I$&$9$l$P$$$$$G$9(B
    $B$+!#(B
    
    $B$$$/$D$+$N(B`$BL@$i$+$JLdBjE@(B'$B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
    
$BB?=E7Q>55!G=$r;}$C$F$$$^$;$s!#(B($B$b$A$m$s$3$l$rMxE@$H9M$($k?M$b$$$^$9!#(B)

    $B:.9g%/%i%9!"$D$^$jB>$N%/%i%9$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$N(BID$B$r%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t(B
    $B$H$7$F;}$C$F$$$k%/%i%9$r:n$k$3$H$G!"$3$l$r2sHr$G$-$^$9!#%$%s%9%?(B
    $B%s%9$O!"$I$N$h$&$K:.9g$5$l$?%*%V%8%'%/%H$KBP$7$F$b!"L@3N$K%a%C%;(B
    $B!<%8$r%j%@%$%l%/%H$G$-$^$9!#(B($B$3$l$O$?$$$7$?<j4V$G$O$J$$$7!"7Q>5O@(B
    $BM}$r1[$($FD>@\@)8f$,$G$-$^$9!#(B)[$B$b$A$m$s!"$3$l$O(B`$BB?=E7Q>5$,$J$$$H(B
    $B$$$&LdBj<+BN$r2sHr(B'$B$9$k$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"B?=E7Q>5$rI,MW$H$7$J(B
    $B$$J}K!$G$b!"@$3&$N%b%G%k2=$O$[$s$N$o$:$+$K0c$&$@$1$G$9!#(B]
    
    $B%W%m%H%3%k$OB?=E7Q>5(B(MI)$B$,$J$$@$3&$r$5$i$K9-$2$^$9(B: $B5;=QE*$K$O!"(B
    $B%W%m%H%3%k$O!"=c?h$K(B`$BCj>](B'$B%/%i%9$NB?=E7Q>5$HF1$8$3$H$G$9!#(B($B8e$NJ}(B
    $B$N(B`$B%W%m%H%3%k(B'$B$K$D$$$F$NEz$r;2>H$N$3$H(B)
    
    [$B$I$&$7$F$3$3$K%G%j%2!<%H5!G=$,F~$i$J$$$N$G$7$g$&$+!#%G%j%2!<%H$O(B
    $B$=$N%/%i%9$N@_7W<T$,MQ0U$7$?J}K!$r;H$C$F!"%5%V%/%i%92=$;$:$K%/%i(B
    $B%9$N5!G=@-$r3HD%$9$k$3$H$G$9!#$b$A$m$s!"$"$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$O!"0[$J(B
    $B$kJ#?t$N%/%i%9$N%G%j%2!<%H$K$J$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B]

$B%/%i%9JQ?t$,$"$j$^$;$s!#(B

    $B%$%s%W%j%a%s%F!<%7%g%s%U%!%$%k$K@EE*JQ?t$rDj5A$7!"$=$l$r%"%/%;%9(B
    $B$9$k%a%=%C%I$rDj5A$9$k$3$H$G!"$3$l$r2sHr$G$-$^$9!#<B:]$K$O!"(B($B%9(B
    $B!<%Q!<%/%i%9$,:F<BAu$5$l$?>l9g!"%5%V%/%i%9$,GK2u$5$l$k$?$a(B)$B%5%V(B
    $B%/%i%9$O%9!<%Q!<%/%i%9$N>pJs$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$Y$-$G$O$J$$$N$H!"(B($B%/(B
    $B%i%9$,%a%=%C%I$K$h$C$F<+?H$N;}$C$F$$$k$9$Y$F$NJQ?t$K%"%/%;%9$9$k(B
    $B$J$i$P(B)$B>pJs$N%*!<%P%i%$%I$r5v$9$Y$-$G$"$k$H$$$&M}M3$+$i!"$3$l$,!"(B
    $B%/%i%93,AX$r@_7W$9$k$?$a$N$h$jK>$^$7$$J}K!$G$9!#(B
    
    [$B%/%i%9JQ?t$r$A$c$s$HJ8K!2=$9$k$Y$-$G$"$k$H$$$&E@$G!"$3$NLdBj$O(B
    $B;D$C$F$$$^$9(B: $B%a%?%/%i%9(BMA$B$N%$%s%9%?%s%9$G$"$k%/%i%9%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
    A$B$,$"$j!"(BA$B$N%9!<%Q!<%/%i%9$N%a%?%/%i%9(BMB$B$r%9!<%Q!<%/%i%9$K;}$D(BB
    $B$,$"$k;~!"(BB$B$N%/%i%9JQ?t$N%$%s%9%?%s%9$O(BA$B$H$OJL$G$"$k$Y$-$+H]$+!#(B]
    
6   Objective-C$B$G$O%*%V%8%'%/%H$N%+%W%;%k2=$O$I$N$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B

    $B%*%V%8%'%/%H$N%+%W%;%k2=$OFs$D$N%l%Y%k$KBgJL$5$l$^$9(B: $B%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$N(B
    $B%+%W%;%k2=$H%a%=%C%I$N%+%W%;%k2=$G$9!#(BObjective-C$B$G$O!"$3$NFs$D$O$^$C$?(B
    $B$/0[$J$j$^$9!#(B
    
    $B%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t(B:
    
$B30It$+$i%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$rJ]8n$9$k$?$a$K!"%-!<%o!<%I(B@public$B!"(B@private$B!"(B
@protected$B$,Ds6!$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B

    @public$BG$0U$N%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$KC/$G$b%"%/%;%9$G$-$k!#(B
    
    @protected$B3:Ev%/%i%9!"$^$?$O$=$N%5%V%/%i%9$N%a%=%C%I$@$1$,%$%s(B
    $B%9%?%s%9JQ?t$K%"%/%;%9$G$-$k!#(B
    
    @private$B3:Ev%/%i%9$N%a%=%C%I$@$1$,%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$K%"%/%;%9(B
    $B$G$-$k!#%5%V%/%i%9$N%a%=%C%I$ODy$a=P$5$l$k!#(B

$BL@<(E*$J;XDj$,$J$$>l9g$O!"$9$Y$F$N%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$O(B@protected$B$G$9!#(B
$BHw9M(B: $B%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$N%+%W%;%k2=$O%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K<B;\$5$l$^$9!#<B9T(B
$B;~$K$O!"$9$Y$F$N%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$N7?>pJs$,L@$i$+$K$J$k$H$$$&$+!"$9$Y(B
$B$F$NJQ?t$r(B@public$B$K$7$^$9!#$3$N%$%s%9%?%s%9$N$?$a$N>pJs$O!"(BNEXTSTEP$B$N(B
`loadNibSection:owner:'$B%a%=%C%I$,%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$rC5$7=P$9$?$a$K;H$o(B
$B$l!"40A4$K0BA4$K@8@.$5$l$^$9!#(B

    $B%a%=%C%I(B:

Objective-C$B<B9T;~$K$O!"$9$Y$F$N%a%=%C%I$O(B@public$B$G$9!#%W%m%0%i%^$O!"(B
$B%/%i%9%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$H$7$F8x3+$7$J$$$3$H$G!"Dj5A%a%=%C%I$NHs8x3+$N0U(B
$B?^$rI=$;$k$@$1$G$9!#$5$i$K!"%W%i%$%Y!<%H%a%=%C%I$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$r!"(B
`secret'$B$d(B`private'$B$N$h$&$JFCJL$JL>A0$G%+%F%4%j$NCf$KG[CV$9$k$3$H$,(B
$B$G$-$^$9!#(B

$B$7$+$7!"$3$l$i$N$7$/$_$O!"%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K%*%V%8%'%/%H$N7?$,<($5$l$J$1(B
$B$l$P!"%a%=%C%I$,B>$G@k8@$5$l$?>l9g!"==J,$K=u$1$F$/$l$k$b$N$G$O$"$j$^(B
$B$;$s!#$=$7$F!"<B9T;~$K$O$3$N$3$H$9$Y$F$KCm0U$9$k$3$H$O$J$/!"%W%m%0%i(B
$B%^$OMF0W$K$3$N$7$/$_$NN"$r$+$/$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$7$?$,$C$F!"$9$Y$F$N%a(B
$B%=%C%I$OK\Ev$K$$$D$b(B@public$B$G$9!#(B

7   $B%W%m%H%3%k$H$O2?$G$9$+!#(B

    $B%W%m%H%3%k$O!"9b%l%Y%k$N?6$kIq$$$r7A@.$9$k%0%k!<%W$K!"4X78$9$k%a%=%C%I$r(B
    $BAH?%2=$5$;$k$?$a$K!"(BObjective-C$B$KIU2C$5$l$^$7$?!#%W%m%H%3%k$O!"8=:_$G$O(B
    NeXT$BHG(B(3.0$B$+$i(B)$B$H(BGCC(2.4$B$+$i(B)$B$G;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
    
    $B%W%m%H%3%k$O!"B?=E7Q>5$NLdBj$r07$$$^$9!#B?=E7Q>5$9$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$r@_7W$7(B
    $B$?;~!"DL>o$O%*%V%8%'%/%H(BA$B$H%*%V%8%'%/%H(BB$B$N@-<A$N$9$Y$F$r7Q>5$7$?$$$N$G$O(B
    $B$J$/!"(BA$B$N@-<A$N$&$A(BX$B$H$$$&%;%C%H$H!"(BB$B$N$&$A(BY$B$H$$$&%;%C%H$,M_$7$$$N$G$9!#(B
    $B$3$l$i$N@-<A$,%a%=%C%I$J$i!"%W%m%H%3%k$K(BX$B$H(BY$B$r%+%W%;%k2=$9$k$3$H$G!"$^$5(B
    $B$K?7$7$$%*%V%8%'%/%H$N$b$N$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$5$i$K!"$@$l$+$,%*%V%8%'(B
    $B%/%H(BA$B$^$?$O(BB$B$rJQ99$7$?>l9g$G$b!"%W%m%H%3%k$b?7$7$$%*%V%8%'%/%H$bGK2u$5$l(B
    $B$^$;$s!#%W%m%H%3%k$,07$&$N$O%a%=%C%I$@$1$G!"(BA$B$d(BB$B$N%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t$NLdBj(B
    $B$K$D$$$F$O07$$$^$;$s!#(B
    
    $B%W%m%H%3%k$K$h$C$F!"%@%$%J%_%C%/%P%$%s%I$r5>@7$K$9$k$3$H$J$/!"7?%A%'%C%/(B
    $B$NFC@-$r;}$D$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#5!G=@-$r;}$?$;$?$$$,!"<BAu$d7Q>5$O$7$?$/$J$$(B
    $B$H$$$&>l9g!"(B"Foo$B%W%m%H%3%k$K%a%C%;!<%8$r<BAu$7$F$$$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$,;H$($k(B
    $B$h!#(B"$B$H8@$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
    
    $B%W%m%H%3%k$O!"%i%$%V%i%j:n@.<T$K!"%/%i%93,AX$H$OFHN)$7$FI8=`%W%m%H%3%k%;(B
    $B%C%H$r<1JL$9$k$?$a$NF;6q$rM?$($F$$$^$9!#%/%i%9$,%3!<%I$N:FMxMQ$r;Y1g$9$k(B
    $B$N$KBP$7$F!"%W%m%H%3%k$O@_7W$N:FMxMQ$N$?$a$N8@8l;Y1g$rDs6!$7$F$$$^$9!#$h(B
    $B$/@_7W$5$l$?%W%m%H%3%k$O!"?7$7$$%/%i%9$NM}2r$d@_7W$N:]!"%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s(B
    $B$NOHAH$_$NMxMQ<T$r=u$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$3$3$K!"%*%V%8%'%/%H$N%"!<%+%$%V(B
    $B$r9T$J$&4JC1$J%W%m%H%3%kDj5A$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
    
@protocol Archiving
-read: (Stream *) stream;
-write: (Stream *) stream;
@end

    $BDj5A$5$l$?%W%m%H%3%k$O!"0J2<$N$h$&$K%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$NCf$G;2>H$9$k$3$H$,$G(B
    $B$-$^$9!#(B

/* MyClass$B$O(BObject$B$r7Q>5$7!"(BArchiving$B%W%m%H%3%k$K=>$&(B */
@interface MyClass: Object <Archiving>
@end
    
    $BB>$N%/%i%9%$%s%?%U%'!<%9(B($B$+$i(B/$B$X(B)$B$N%3%T!<$H0c$C$F!"%W%m%H%3%k$X$N$I$N$h(B
    $B$&$JAjMF$l$J$$JQ99$b!"(B($B<!2s!"%/%i%9$r%3%s%Q%$%k$7$?;~(B)$BD>$A$K%3%s%Q%$%i$K(B
    $B>5G'$5$l$k$G$7$g$&!#%W%m%H%3%k$O$^$?!"7?$,$J$$=@Fp@-$d%*%V%8%'%/%H$NF0E*(B
    $BB+G{$r=}$D$1$k$3$H$J$/!"$h$j$h$$7?%A%'%C%/$rDs6!$7$^$9!#(B

MyClass *obj1 = [MyClass new];

// OK: obj1$B$O!"(BArchiving$B%W%m%H%3%k$K=>$&(B
id <Archiving> obj2 = obj1;

// Error: obj1$B$O!"(BTargetAction$B%W%m%H%3%k$K=>$o$J$$(B
id <TargetAction> obj3 = obj1;

    $B%W%m%H%3%k$NJL$J;H$$J}$H$7$F!"%a%=%C%IL>$N>WFM$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$K!"%3%s%Q%$(B
    $B%i$r=u$1$k!"%W%m%H%3%k$K=>$&$H$$$&(BID$B$r$D$1$k$3$H$G$9!#(B

@interface Foo: Object
-(int) type;
@end

@protocol Bar
-(const char *) type;
@end

-blah1: d
{
  id t = [d someMethod];
  do_something_with ([t type]);
}

-blah2: d
{
  id <Bar> t = [d someMethod];
  do_something_with ([t type]);
}

    $B$3$NNc$G$O!"Fs$D$N<oN`$N(B`-type'$B%a%=%C%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B`-blah1:'$B%a%=%C%I$G$O!"(B
    $BN>J}$K(B`-type'$B%a%=%C%I$,$"$k$?$a!"%3%s%Q%$%i$O(B`[t type]'$B$+$iM=4|$9$k7?$,JV(B
    $B$k$3$H$,$o$+$j$^$;$s!#(B`-blah2:'$B%a%=%C%I$G$O!"(B`t'$B$O(B`Bar'$B%W%m%H%3%k$K=>$$!"(B
    `t'$B$O(B`const char *'$B7?$rJV$9(B`-type'$B%a%=%C%I$r<BAu$7$F$$$k$3$H$,$o$+$j$^$9!#(B
    
8   Objective-C$B$K%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$O$I$&E,MQ$G$-$^$9$+!#(B

    [$B;d$NCN$k$H$3$m(B]$B8=:_!"(BObjective-C$B$G;H$&$3$H$N$G$-$k%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$N(B
    $B<BAu$OFs$D$"$j$^$9!#N><T$N%"%W%m!<%A$O:,K\E*$K0c$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
    $BHs6(D44D6-$G$N%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s(B

    $B$3$N%a%b%j!<%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$N<BAu$O(Bmalloc(3)($B$NBeMQIJ(B)$B$r;H$$(B
    $B$^$9!#$3$l$O(BC$B!"(BC++$B!"(BObjective-C$B$=$NB>$GF0:n$7$^$9!#(B

    @article{bw88,
    title="Garbage Collection in an Uncooperative Environment",
    author="Hans J\"urgen Boehm and Mark Weiser",
    journal="Software Practice and Experience",
    pages=807-820,volume=18,number=9,month=sep,year=1988}
    
    $B$3$l$O(B`ftp://parcftp.xerox.com:/pub/gc/gc4.3.tar.gz'$B$H$7$F8x3+$5(B
    $B$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
$B%/%i%9Cj>]$r;H$C$?%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s(B

    $B$3$N%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$N<BAu$O(B(Objective-C$BFCM-$N(B)$B%/%i%9Cj>]$r(B
    $B;H$$$^$9!#$,$Y!<$8%3%l%/%7%g%s$NBP>]$O!"%*%V%8%'%/%H(B($BDj5A$5$l$?(B
    $B%/%i%9$N%5%V%/%i%9$N%$%s%9%?%s%9(B)$B$+!"$=$N$h$&$J%*%V%8%'%/%H$r4^(B
    $B$`$b$N$G$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s!#(B
    
    $B$3$l$O(B`ftp://ftp.es.ele.tue.nl:/pub/tiggr/tobjc.tar.gz'$B$H$7$F8x(B
    $B3+$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B

    $BL@Gr$J:,K\E*0c$$$NB>$K!"CmL\$9$Y$-0c$$$,$"$j$^$9(B: $B:G=i$NJ}K!$O!"%9%?%C%/(B
    $B$+$i%*%V%8%'%/%H$,(BBSS$B$d%G!<%?%;%0%a%s%H$r;X$9$N$r<+F0E*$KJ]8n$7!"FsHVL\(B
    $B$N$b$N$O$=$&$G$O$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#(B

9   NEXTSTEP, Stepstone, GNU CC$BHG$N(BObjective-C$B$N0c$$$O2?$G$9$+!#(B

    NeXT$BHG$O!"(BStepstone$B<R$,Dj5A$7$?8@8l$K!"B?=E7Q>5$NB&LL$rFw$o$9%W%m%H%3%k(B
    $B$H$$$C$?!"?7$7$$$7$/$_$r4^$`$h$&3HD%$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
    Stepstone$B<RHG$O!"(BNeXT$BHG$d(BGNU CC$B$K$O$J$$!"%9%?%F%C%/%P%$%s%I$r%5%]!<%H$7(B
    $B$F$$$^$9!#$I$N<BAu$b!"(Bstatic$B7?$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
    Stepstone$B<RHG$O!"(BNEXTSTEP$B$r4^$`$9$Y$F$NF0:n2DG=%^%7%s$G6&DL$7$FF0$/!"4p(B
    $BK\%/%i%9$NI8=`%i%$%V%i%j$,$"$j$^$9!#(BNEXTSTEP$B$K$O!"(B(`$B%-%C%H(B'$B$H8F$P$l$k(B)
    $B%i%$%V%i%j$,$"$j$^$9!#8=:_$N$H$3$m!"(BGNU$B$N(Blibobjc.a$B$K$O(B`Object'$B%/%i%9$,$"(B
    $B$k$@$1$G$9$,!"?M!9$OK\Ev$N%i%$%V%i%j(B($B>\:Y$O$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBhFsIt(B($B%/%i%9%&%'%"(B
    $B%i%$%V%i%j(B)$B$r;2>H$N$3$H(B)$B$r:n$k$N$KK;$7$/$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
    $B$9$Y$F$NHG$G!"(B`Object'$B%/%i%9$O0c$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
    
    NEXTSTEP$B$H(BGNU CC$B$O%+%F%4%j$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9$,!"(BStepstone$B<RHG$O$"$j$^(B
    $B$;$s!#(B
    
    NeXT$BHG$O!"%M%$%F%#%V$J%G%P%C%,$r;}$C$F$$$^$9$,!"(BStepstone$B<RHG$H(BGNU$BHG$K$O(B
    $B$"$j$^$;$s!#(B[$B$3$l$OK\Ev$O??<B$G$O$J$/!"(BNeXT$BHG$N%G%P%C%,$O(Bgdb$B$J$N$G!"(BFSF
    $B$N8x<0$NG[I[$O9T$J$o$l$F$$$^$;$s$,!"(BGNU$BHG%G%P%C%,$H$=$N3HD%$OB8:_$7$^$9!#(B
    $B$b$A$m$s!"0lHL$N(BGDB$B$N$h$&$J(BC$B$N%G%P%C%,$G$b!"(BObjective-C$B$N%G%P%C%0$O$^$C(B
    $B$?$/2DG=$G$9!#(B]
    
    NEXTSTEP($B$N(B3.0$B0J9_(B)$B$H(BGCC($B$N(B2.4$B0J9_(B)$B$O!"%W%m%H%3%k$H%/%i%9$N%U%)%o!<%I5-(B
    $B=R$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9$,!"(BStepstone$B<RHG$K$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
    
10  Objective-C$B$K4X$9$kJ88%$K$O$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$,$"$j$^$9$+!#(B

    $B=q@R(B:

Brad J. Cox, Andrew J. Novobilski: Object Oriented Programming: An
Evolutionary Approach.  Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading,
Massachusetts, 1991.  ISBN: 0-201-54834-8.
($BK.Bj(B:$B!V%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~$N%W%m%0%i%_%s%0!W(BISBN: 4-8101-8046-8)

$BMWLs(B:Objective-C$B$K4X$9$k:G=i$NK\$G$"$j!"<B$O(BObjective-C$B$rMxMQ$7$?(B
$B%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~%7%9%F%`3+H/$K4X$9$kK\$G$9!#(B                

Lewis J. Pinson, Richard S. Wiener: Objective-C: Object Oriented
Programming Techniques.  Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading,
Massachusetts, 1991. ISBN 0-201-50828-1.
($BK.Bj(B:$B!V(BOBJECTIVE-C $B%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~$N%W%m%0%i%_%s%0!W(BISBN: 
4-8101-8054-9)

$BMWLs(B:$BB?$/$N<BNc$H$H$b$K!"(BStepstone$BHG$H(BNeXT$BHG$N(BObjective-C$B$K$D$$$F!"(B
$BN><T$N0c$$$r4^$a$FO@$8$F$$$^$9!#(B

Timothy Budd: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming.
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts.
ISBN 0-201-54709-0.
($BK.Bj(B:$B!V%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~%W%m%0%i%_%s%0F~Lg!W(BISBN: 4-8101-8048-4)

$BMWLs(B:C++$B!"(BObjective-C$B!"(BSmalltalk$B!"(BObject Pascal$B$rHf3S$7$J$,$i!"(BOOP
$B$NOCBj$r>R2p$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

Simson L. Garfinkel, Michael K. Mahoney: NeXTSTEP Programming Step
ONE: Object-Oriented Applications.  TELOS/Springer-Verlag, 1993
(tel: (800)SPR-INGE).

$BMWLs(B:NEXTSTEP3.0$B$NFCD'(B(Project Builder$B!"?7$7$$3+H/4D6-(B)$B$K8@5Z$7$F(B
$B$$$^$9$,!"(B3DKit$B$d(BDBKit$B$K$O?($l$F$$$^$;$s!#(B

NeXTSTEP Object Oriented Programming and the Objective C Language.
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts, 1993.
ISBN 0-201-63251-9.
($BK.Bj(B:$B!V(BOBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND THE OBJECTIVE-C LANGUAGE($BF|(B
$BK\8lHG(B)$B!W(BISBN: 4-7952-9636-7)

$BMWLs(B:$B$3$NK\$O(BObjective-C$B$N(BNEXTSTEP$B$G$N<BAu$K$D$$$F5-=R$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
NEXTSTEP$B$,L@3N$J%?!<%2%C%H$G$9$,!"(BObjective-C$B$r3X=,$9$k$?$a(B
$B$N$h$$F~Lg=q$G$9!#(B

    $B5-;v(B:

`Why I need Objective-C', by Christopher Lozinski.
Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP) September 1991.
BPG$B%K%e!<%9%l%?!<$N<L$7$H9XFI$O!"(Binfo@bpg.com$B$XO"Mm$7$F2<$5$$!#(B

$BMWLs(B:$B$3$N5-;v$O!"(BC++$B$H(BObjective-C$B$N0c$$$rBgJQ>\:Y$KO@$8!"$J$<(B
Objective-C$B$,$h$j$h$$%*%V%8%'%/%H;X8~8@8l$J$N$+$r@bL@$7$F$$(B
$B$^$9!#(B

`Concurrent Object-Oriented C (cooC)', by Rajiv Trehan et. al.
ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 28, No 2, February 1993.

$BMWLs(B:$B$3$N5-;v$O!"%*%V%8%'%/%H$O%+%W%;%k2=$K$h$kB+G{$rDs6!$9$k$@$1(B
$B$G$J$/!"=hM}$NB+G{$r$b7A@.$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$H$$$&A0Ds$K4p$E$/8@8l(B
cooC$B$K$D$$$FO@$8$F$$$^$9!#(BcooC$B$O(BObjective-C$B$N>e0L8_498@8l$G$9!#(B

`Porting NEXTSTEP Applications to Microsoft Windows',
by Christopher Lozinski.  NEXTWORLD EXPO Conference Proceedings,
San Francisco, CA, May 25-27, 1993.  $B$3$N5-;v$N:G?7HG$OCx<T$+$i<j$K(B
$BF~$j$^$9!#(Binfo@bpg.com$B$XO"Mm$7$F2<$5$$!#(B

$BMWLs(B:$B$3$N5-;v$O!"(BMicrosoft Windows$B$H(BNEXTSTEP$BMQ$N(BObjective-C$B%"%W%j(B
$B%1!<%7%g%s$N3+H/$NJ}K!$rO@$8$F$$$^$9!#(B

    GNU$B%I%-%e%a%s%H(B:

GNU$B%W%m%8%'%/%H$O(BObjective-C$B8@8l$NFC@-$r5-$7$?%U%j!<$N%^%K%e%"%k$rI,(B
$BMW$H$7$F$$$^$9!#$J$<$J$i!"(BGNU$B$G$O!"(BGNU$B%7%9%F%`$NCf$K%U%j!<$G$O$J$$J8(B
$B8%$rF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$+$i$G$9$,!"%7%9%F%`$O%I%-%e%a%s%H$rI,MW$H$7(B
$B$F$$$^$9!#(B

$B$h$$%I%-%e%a%s%H$,=q$1$kJ}$O!"(BGNU$B%W%m%8%'%/%H$X$=$l$rDs6!$9$k$3$H$r(B
$B9M$($F2<$5$$!#(Brms@gnu.ai.mit.edu$B$XO"Mm$7$F2<$5$$!#(B

11  Stepstone$B<R$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B

$B%3%s%Q%$%i$H<B9T4D6-(B: Apple Macintosh ($BMW(BMac Programmers Workshop)$B!"(B
DEC Stations (ULTRIX)$B!"(BData General AViiON (DG/UX)$B!"(B
HP9000/300,400,700,800 (HP-UX)$B!"(BIBM RISC System/6000 (AIX)$B!"(BMIPS$B!"(B
NeXT$B!"(BPC-AT (MS-DOS)$B!"(BPS/2 (AIX or OS/2)$B!"(BSCO/NCR UNIX SYS V$B!"(B
Sun 3$B!"(B4$B!"(BSPARCstations (SunOS or Solaris)$B!"(BSilicon Graphics INDIGO$B!"(B
VAX(VMS)$B!#$=$NB>$N5!<o$X$N0\?"$O;T>l$NMW5a$^$?$O%3%s%5%k%H%5!<%S%9$K(B
$B$h$C$F9T$J$o$l$^$9!#(B

ICpak101$B4pK\%/%i%9%i%$%V%i%j$O>e5-$N$9$Y$F$N5!<oMQ$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
ICpak201GUI$B%/%i%9%i%$%V%i%j$O(BXWindows$B!"(BMotif$B!"(BOpenWindows$B!"(BSunView$B$r(B
$B%5%]!<%H$9$k%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`MQ$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

   The Stepstone Corporation
(203) 426-1875 - (800) BUY-OBJEct voice / (203) 270-0106 fax
75 Glen Road
Sandy Hook, CT 06482

12  NeXT$B<R$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B

Objective-C$B%3%s%Q%$%i$H%i%$%V%i%j$,(BNEXTSTEP$B3+H/4D6-(BCD$B$K<}$a$i$l$F$$$^(B
$B$9!#$3$N%3%s%Q%$%i$O!"K\<AE*$K(BGNU CC$B$G$9!#(BNEXTSTEP$B$N0lIt$G$"$k%-%C%H(B
$B$K4X$9$k>pJs$O%/%i%9%&%'%"%j%9%H$r;2>H$7$F2<$5$$!#(B($B$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBhFsIt(B)

$B@=IJ$K$D$$$F(B:

    NEXTSTEP 3.3 for NeXT, Intel and HP-PA Computers
    Enterprise Objects Framework 1.0
    Portable Distributed Objects Release 2.0

NeXT Computer, Inc.
900 Chesapeake Drive
Redwood City, CA 94063
tel: 800 848 NEXT
fax: 415 780 2801
email: NeXTanswers@NeXT.COM
www: http://www.next.com/

13  GNU$B$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B

    GNU CC$B$O!"%P!<%8%g%s(B2$B$+$i!"(BObjective-C$B%3%s%Q%$%i$r4^$s$G$$$^$9!#(BGNU CC$B$N(B
    $B8=:_$N%P!<%8%g%s(B(2.6.3)$B$O(BObjective-C$B%3%s%Q%$%i$H%i%$%V%i%j$r4^$s$G$$$^$9!#(B
    $B:G6a$N%P!<%8%g%s$K$O!"(B`Object'$B%/%i%9$,4^$^$l$F$$$^$9!#$"$k?M!9$O(BGNU$B%i%$%V(B
    $B%i%j$N$?$a$K:n6H$7$F$$$^$9!#>\:Y$O$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBhFsIt(B($B%/%i%9%&%'%"%i%$%V%i%j(B
    $B%j%9%H(B)$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

    $B$b$7!"$^$@(B2.4$B0J9_$N(BGNU CC$B$KBX$($F$$$J$$$J$i!"$3$3$KBX$($kM}M3$N0l$D$,$"$j(B
    $B$^$9(B: w.r.t.$BK!$N<B;\$G!"(B(2.4$B0J9_$N(B)$B?7$7$$<B9T7A<0$O!"(B(2.4$B$h$jA0$N(B)$B8E$$<B(B
    $B9T7A<0$h$j;0G\0J>e9bB.$G$9!#(B
    
Free Software Foundation
675 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA  02139
+1-617-876-3296

    GNU$B%W%m%8%'%/%H$K4X$9$k0lHLE*$J<ALd$O!"(Bgnu@prep.ai.mit.edu$B$KLd$$9g$o$;$k(B
    $B$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B

GNU CC$B$O!"(BObjective-C$B%3%s%Q%$%i$H(B`Object'$B%/%i%9$r4^$`%i%$%V%i%j$r;}(B
$B$C$F$$$^$9!#(B

    $BB?$/$N(BGNU$B%=%U%H%&%'%"$O!"?7$7$$(B`gzip'$B05=L%W%m%0%i%`$G%Q%C%/$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
    $B%=!<%9%3!<%I$O(BGNU$B%=%U%H%&%'%"$rG[I[$7$F$$$kB?$/$N%5%$%H$+$i<j$KF~$j$^$9!#(B

    $B%F!<%W!"%U%m%C%T!<!"(BCD-ROM$B7A<0$N(BGNU$B%=%U%H%&%'%"$NCmJ8J}K!$K4X$9$k>pJs$O!"(B
    GNU Emacs$BG[I[%-%C%H$NCf$N(Betc/ORDERS$B%U%!%$%k$+!"(Bprep$B$N(BGNUinfo/ORDERS$B$NCf(B
    $B$rD4$Y$k$+!"(Bgnu@prep.ai.mit.edu$B$KMWK>$NEE;R%a!<%k$r=P$9$3$H$G$9!#(B

    FSF$B$+$i(BGNU$B%=%U%H%&%'%"$rCmJ8$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"$"$J$?$O;d$?$A$,%U%j!<%=%U(B
    $B%H%&%'%"$N3+H/$rB3$1$k$3$H$r1g=u$G$-$^$9!#%a%G%#%"$K$h$k<}F~$O!"0lHV$N;Y(B
    $B1g8;$G$9!#(BFSF$B$X$N4sIU$O!"JF9q$G$O@G95=|$NBP>]$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

    $B0J2<$N%5%$%H$O$9$Y$F(Bprep$B$N(BGNU$B%=%U%H%&%'%"$N%_%i!<%5%$%H$G$9!#(B
    prep.ai.mit.edu$B$K%"%/%;%9$9$kA0$K$3$A$i$r%H%i%$$7$F2<$5$$(B!   
    thanx -gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
$B%"%8%"(B:ftp.cs.titech.ac.jp
utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:/ftpsync/prep
cair.kaist.ac.kr:/pub/gnu
ftp.nectec.or.th:/pub/mirrors/gnu
$B%*!<%9%H%i%j%"(B:
archie.au:/gnu (archie.oz or archie.oz.au for ACSnet)
$B%"%U%j%+(B:
ftp.sun.ac.za:/pub/gnu
$BCfEl(B:
ftp.technion.ac.il:/pub/unsupported/gnu
$B%h!<%m%C%Q(B:
irisa.irisa.fr:/pub/gnu
ftp.univ-lyon1.fr:/pub/gnu
ftp.mcc.ac.uk
unix.hensa.ac.uk:/pub/uunet/systems/gnu
ftp.denet.dk
src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu
ftp.eunet.ch
nic.switch.ch:/mirror/gnu,
ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/gnu
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
ftp.win.tue.nl
ftp.funet.fi:/pub/gnu
ftp.stacken.kth.se
isy.liu.se
ftp.luth.se:/pub/unix/gnu
ftp.sunet.se:/pub/gnu
archive.eu.net
$BFn%"%a%j%+(B:
ftp.unicamp.br:/pub/gnu
$B%+%J%@@>It(B:
ftp.cs.ubc.ca:/mirror2/gnu
$BJF9q(B:
wuarchive.wustl.edu:/systems/gnu
labrea.stanford.edu
ftp.digex.net:/pub/gnu
ftp.kpc.com:/pub/mirror/gnu
f.ms.uky.edu:/pub3/gnu
jaguar.utah.edu:/gnustuff
ftp.hawaii.edu:/mirrors/gnu
ftp.cs.widener.edu
vixen.cso.uiuc.edu:/gnu
mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu:/pub/gnu
ftp.cs.columbia.edu:/archives/gnu/prep
col.hp.com:/mirrors/gnu
gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/GNU
ftp.uu.net:/systems/gnu

13a NeXT$B<R@=$G$O$J$$(Bgdb$B$r;HMQ$7$F(BObjective-C$B$N%G%P%0$r$9$k$K$O$I$&$7$?$i$$$$(B
    $B$N$G$7$g$&$+!#(B
    
    $B$3$l$K$D$$$F$O!"(BMartin.Cracauer@wavehh.hanse.de$B$K$h$C$F(B
    http://fvkma.tu-graz.ac.at/tbm/objective-c/hint-gdb.html$B$K$^$H$a$i$l$F$$(B
    $B$^$9!#(B
    
14  BPG$B<R$G$O(BObjective-C$B$K4X$7$F$I$N$h$&$J%5%]!<%H$r9T$J$C$F$$$^$9$+!#(B

    BPG$B<R$G$O!"(BBorland$B<R$N%3%s%Q%$%i$G;HMQ$G$-$k(BObjective-C$B%H%i%s%9%l!<%?$G$"(B
    $B$k(BObjective-C Borland$B%(%/%9%F%s%8%g%s$rDs6!$7$F$*$j!"(BMicrosoft Windows$B$N(B
    $B$?$a$N(BObjective-C$B%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$N3+H/$rMF0W$K$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

    BPG$B<R$G$O!"(BSmalltalk$B%*%V%8%'%/%H$N$h$&$J(BObjective-C$B%*%V%8%'%/%H$r:n$k$?$a(B
    $B$N!"(BObjective-C Smalltalk$B%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$rDs6!$7$F$$$^$9!#$3$l$K$h$C$F!"0\(B
    $B?"@-$N$"$k(BObjective-C$B%*%V%8%'%/%H$K$h$j%0%i%U%#%+%k%f!<%6%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$r(B
    $B9=C[$G$-!"$^$?(BSmalltalk$B$G$N3+H/<T$K(BObjective-C$B%i%$%V%i%j$rGd$k$3$H$,$G$-(B
    $B$^$9!#(B

    BPG$B<R$G$O!":.@.%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`4D6-$G(BObjective-C$B$rAw$k$?$a$N(BObjective-C 
    $B%a%C%;!<%8%P%9$rDs6!$7$F$$$^$9!#(B

    BPG$B<R$O!"(BObjective-C$B%W%m%0%i%`%b%G%j%s%0$N$?$a$N%*%V%8%'%/%H%i%$%V%i%j$r(B
    $B;}$C$F$$$^$9!#%V%i%&%6%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$O$3$N%i%$%V%i%j$G:n$l$^$9!#B>$N2D(B
    $BG=@-$N$"$k1~MQ$K$O!"(BObjective-C$B$X$N%/%i%9JQ?t$NDI2C!"%$%s%9%?%s%9JQ?t!"%a(B
    $B%=%C%I0z?t$N7?!"%*%V%8%'%/%H$N%P!<%8%g%s@8@.$K4X$9$k<B9T;~>pJs$NDI2C$r4^(B
    $B$_!"7k2LE*$K%V%i%&%6(B/$B%H%i%s%9%l!<%?$r:n@.$G$-$^$9!#(B

Christopher Lozinski
BPG
35032 Maidstone Court
Newark, CA 94560
Tel: (510) 795-6086
fax: (510) 795-8077
email: info@bpg.com

15  GNU Objective-C$B$N3+H/>u67$rCN$k$?$a$K!"FI$s$@$[$&$,$h$$%K%e!<%9%0%k!<%W(B
    $B$d9XFI$7$?$[$&$,$h$$%a!<%k%j%9%H$O$J$s$G$9$+!#(B

    comp.lang.objective-c$B$rFI$a$P!"$-$C$H:G?7$NOCBj$,5DO@$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$^$5(B
    $B$K$3$NOCBj$,5DO@$5$l$F$$$k%a!<%k%j%9%H(Bgnu-objc@gnu.ai.mit.edu$B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
    $B9XFI$9$k$?$a$K$O!"(B`gnu-objc-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu.'$B$K9XFI4uK>$N%a!<%k$r(B
    $B=P$7$F2<$5$$!#(B
    
    $B$5$i$K!"3+H/$5$l$F$$$k3F<o%-%C%H$K$O!"$=$lMQ$N%a!<%k%j%9%H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
    $B>\$7$$>pJs$O!"$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBhFsIt$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

16  Objective-C$B4XO"$N%3!<%I$r<j$KF~$l$i$l$k(BFTP$B%5%$%H$O$"$j$^$9$+!#(B

ftp.cs.rochester.edu:/pub/objc
sonata.cc.purdue.edu(NEXTSTEP)
cs.orst.edu(NEXTSTEP)
ftp.stack.urc.tue.nl(NEXTSTEP)
ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de
ftp.informatik.uni-freiburg.de
ccrma-ftp.stanford.edu(MusicKit)
ftp.cs.unl.edu:/pub/ObjC($B%=%U%H%&%'%"$H:G6a?t=5$N(Bc.l.obj-c)

    $B$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBhFsIt$b;2>H$N$3$H!#(B
    
17  $B$5$i$KB?$/$N>pJs$O!"!"!"!#(B

    $B8x3+$5$l$F$$$k(BObjective-C$B$N%/%i%9$d%i%$%V%i%j$N35MW$K$D$$$F$O!"%/%i%9%&%'(B
    $B%"%j%9%H$H$7$FCN$i$l$F$$$k$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBhFsIt!"(BObjective-C/classes$B$r;2>H$N$3(B
    $B$H!#(B

    Objective-C$B%W%m%0%i%`$N<BNc$K$D$$$F$O!"4J0W%5%s%W%k%W%m%0%i%`$H$7$FCN$i$l(B
    $B$F$$$k$3$N(BFAQ$B$NBh;0It!"(BObjective-C/sample$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!#(B

$B$3$N(BFAQ$B$N=i4|$N%P!<%8%g%s$OB?$/$N?M!9$N=u$1$rF@$F!"(BBill Shirley$B$K$h$C$FJT;<$5(B
$B$l$^$7$?!#8=:_$N%P!<%8%g%s$O(BPer Abrahamsen$B!"(BPaul Burchard$B!"(BBrad Cox$B!"(B
Christopher Lozinski$B!"(BMike Mahoney$B!"(BJon F. Rosen$B!"(BPaul Sanchez$B!"(BLee Sailer$B!"(B
Bill Shirley$B!"(BSubrata Sircar$B!"(BTed Slupesky$B!"(BRichard Stallman$B!"(B
Kersten Krab Thorup$B$r4^$`B?$/$N?M!9$N=u$1$rF@$J$,$i!"(BTiggr$B$K$h$C$FJ]<i$5$l$F(B
$B$$$^$9!#(B

$B$3$N(BFAQ$B$NF|K\8l%P!<%8%g%s$O!"(BNorihiro Itoh <nito@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp>$B$K$h(B
$B$C$FDj4|E*$KJ]<i$5$l!"(Bfj.archives.answers$B$KEj9F$5$l$F$$$^$9!#%O%$%Q!<%F%-%9(B
$B%H%P!<%8%g%s$O(BToru Sato <www-admin@cnds.canon.co.jp>$B$K$h$C$FJ]<i$5$l!"0J2<$K(B
$B8x3+$5$l$F$$$^$9(B:
http://www.cnds.canon.co.jp/Japanese_EUC/Contribution/FAQ_Objective-C/objc_faq_J.html


$B$3$N(BFAQ$B$N(BWWW$B%P!<%8%g%s$O(BBrian Harvey(theharv@csld.ucr.edu)$B$K$h$C$FJ]<i$5$l!"(B
    http://csld.ucr.edu/NeXTSTEP/objc_faq.html
$B$K$"$j$^$9!#(B

`['$B$H(B`]'$B$G0O$^$l$?ItJ,$O%3%a%s%H$G$9!#%3%a%s%H$O!"2r7h$9$Y$-$3$N(BFAQ$B$N(B`$BLdBjE@(B'
$B$r<($7$F$$$^$9!#$"$J$?$N0U8+!"DI2C!"%P%0%l%]!<%H!"%3%a%s%H!"=$@5$O(B
`tiggr@es.ele.tue.nl'$B$^$GAw$C$F2<$5$$!#(B

    $B$3$N%U%!%$%k$N>pJs$O!"(B*$BL5J]>Z(B*$B$G$9!#$"$J$?$O!"M>7W$J$*6b$rF@$?$j!"FbMF$r(B
    $BJQ99$7$J$1$l$P!"$3$N%U%!%$%k$K4^$^$l$k>pJs$rMxMQ$7$?$j!"$3$N%U%!%$%k$rG[(B
    $BI[$7$F$b9=$$$^$;$s!#(B
-- 
Norihiro Itoh
  Internet: nito@scorpio.bekkoame.or.jp(NeXTmail OK)
  NeXusNet: nito@scorpio.nexus(NeXTmail OK)
  HomePage: http://www.bekkoame.or.jp/~nito/
