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XSERVER(1)					       XSERVER(1)


NAME
       Xserver - X Window System display server

SYNOPSIS
       X [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
       X  is  the  generic  name  for the X Window System display
       server.	It is frequently a link or a copy of  the  appro
       priate  server binary for driving the most frequently used
       server on a given machine.

STARTING THE SERVER
       The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager
       program	xdm(1).	 This utility is run from the system boot
       files and  takes	 care  of  keeping  the	 server	 running,
       prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up the
       user sessions.

       Installations that run more than	 one  window  system  may
       need to use the xinit(1) utility instead of xdm.	 However,
       xinit is to be considered  a  tool  for	building  startup
       scripts	and  is	 not intended for use by end users.  Site
       administrators are strongly urged to  use  xdm,	or  build
       other interfaces for novice users.

       The  X  server  may  also be started directly by the user,
       though this method is usually reserved for testing and  is
       not  recommended for normal operation.  On some platforms,
       the user must have  special  permission	to  start  the	X
       server,	often  because	access	to  certain devices (e.g.
       /dev/mouse) is restricted.

       When the X server starts up, it typically takes	over  the
       display.	  If  you are running on a workstation whose con
       sole is the display, you may not be able to log	into  the
       console while the server is running.

OPTIONS
       All  of	the  X	servers accept the following command line
       options:

       :displaynumber
	       the X server  runs  as  the  given  displaynumber,
	       which  by default is 0.	If multiple X servers are
	       to run simultaneously on a host, each must have	a
	       unique display number.  See the DISPLAY NAMES sec
	       tion of the X(1) manual page to learn how to spec
	       ify  which  display  number  clients should try to
	       use.

       -a number
	       sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio  of  how
	       much  is	 reported  to  how much the user actually



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XSERVER(1)					       XSERVER(1)


	       moved the pointer).

       -ac     disables	 host-based  access  control  mechanisms.
	       Enables	access	by any host, and permits any host
	       to modify  the  access  control	list.	Use  with
	       extreme caution.	 This option exists primarily for
	       running test suites remotely.

       -audit level
	       Sets the audit trail level.  The default level  is
	       1,   meaning   only   connection	  rejections  are
	       reported.  Level 2 additionally reports	all  suc
	       cessful	connections  and  disconnects.	 Level	0
	       turns off the audit trail.  Audit lines	are  sent
	       as standard error output.

       -auth authorization-file
	       Specifies  a  file  which contains a collection of
	       authorization records used to authenticate access.
	       See also the xdm and Xsecurity manual pages.

       bc      disables	 certain kinds of error checking, for bug
	       compatibility with  previous  releases  (e.g.,  to
	       work  around  bugs  in R2 and R3 xterms and toolk
	       its).  Deprecated.

       -bs     disables backing store support on all screens.

       -c      turns off key-click.

       c volume
	       sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).

       -cc class
	       sets the visual class for the root window of color
	       screens.	  The  class  numbers are as specified in
	       the X protocol.	Not obeyed by all servers.

       -co filename
	       sets name of RGB color database.	 The  default  is
	       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/rgb,  where  &lt;XRoot&gt; refers to the
	       root of the X11 install tree.

       -config filename
	       reads more options from the given  file.	  Options
	       in  the	file  may  be  separated  by  newlines if
	       desired.	 If a '#' character appears  on	 a  line,
	       all characters between it and the next newline are
	       ignored, providing a simple  commenting	facility.
	       The  -config option itself may appear in the file.

       -core   causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal
	       errors.




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       -dpi resolution
	       sets  the  resolution  of  the screen, in dots per
	       inch.  To be used when the server cannot determine
	       the screen size from the hardware.

       -deferglyphs whichfonts
	       specifies  the types of fonts for which the server
	       should attempt  to  use	deferred  glyph	 loading.
	       whichfonts  can	be  all	 (all  fonts),	none  (no
	       fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only).

       -f volume
	       sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range:  0-100).

       -fc cursorFont
	       sets default cursor font.

       -fn font
	       sets the default font.

       -fp fontPath
	       sets  the  search  path for fonts.  This path is a
	       comma separated list of directories  which  the	X
	       server searches for font databases.

       -help   prints a usage message.

       -I      causes  all remaining command line arguments to be
	       ignored.

       -kb     disables the XKEYBOARD extension if present.

       -p minutes
	       sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.

       -pn     permits the server to continue running if it fails
	       to  establish  all of its well-known sockets (con
	       nection points for clients),  but  establishes  at
	       least one.

       -r      turns off auto-repeat.

       r       turns on auto-repeat.

       -s minutes
	       sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.

       -su     disables save under support on all screens.

       -t number
	       sets  pointer  acceleration  threshold  in  pixels
	       (i.e. after how many pixels  pointer  acceleration
	       should take effect).




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       -terminate
	       causes  the  server  to terminate at server reset,
	       instead of continuing to run.

       -to seconds
	       sets default connection timeout in seconds.

       -tst    disables	 all  testing  extensions  (e.g.,  XTEST,
	       XTrap, XTestExtension1).

       ttyxx   ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from
	       init).

       v       sets video-off screen-saver preference.

       -v      sets video-on screen-saver preference.

       -wm     forces the default backing-store of all windows to
	       be  WhenMapped.	This is a backdoor way of getting
	       backing-store to apply to all  windows.	 Although
	       all  mapped  windows  will have backing store, the
	       backing store  attribute	 value	reported  by  the
	       server  for a window will be the last value estab
	       lished by a client.  If it has never been set by a
	       client,	the server will report the default value,
	       NotUseful.  This behavior is  required  by  the	X
	       protocol,  which	 allows	 the server to exceed the
	       client's backing store expectations but	does  not
	       provide	a way to tell the client that it is doing
	       so.

       -x extension
	       loads the specified extension at init.  This is	a
	       no-op for most implementations.

SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS
       Some X servers accept the following options:

       -ld kilobytes
	       sets  the  data	space  limit of the server to the
	       specified number of kilobytes.  A  value	 of  zero
	       makes  the  data	 size  as large as possible.  The
	       default value of -1 leaves the  data  space  limit
	       unchanged.

       -lf files
	       sets  the number-of-open-files limit of the server
	       to the specified number.	 A value  is  zero  makes
	       the limit as large as possible.	The default value
	       of -1 leaves the limit unchanged.

       -ls kilobytes
	       sets the stack space limit of the  server  to  the
	       specified  number  of  kilobytes.  A value of zero



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	       makes the stack size as large  as  possible.   The
	       default	value  of -1 leaves the stack space limit
	       unchanged.

       -logo   turns on the X Window System logo display  in  the
	       screen-saver.  There is currently no way to change
	       this from a client.

       nologo  turns off the X Window System logo display in  the
	       screen-saver.  There is currently no way to change
	       this from a client.

XDMCP OPTIONS
       X servers that support XDMCP have the  following	 options.
       See  the	 X Display Manager Control Protocol specification
       for more information.

       -query host-name
	       Enable XDMCP and send Query packets to the  speci
	       fied host.

       -broadcast
	       Enable  XDMCP and broadcast BroadcastQuery packets
	       to the network.	The first responding display man
	       ager will be chosen for the session.

       -indirect host-name
	       Enable XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the
	       specified host.

       -port port-num
	       Use an alternate port number  for  XDMCP	 packets.
	       Must be specified before any -query, -broadcast or
	       -indirect options.

       -class display-class
	       XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used  in
	       resource	  lookup  for  display-specific	 options.
	       This option sets that  value,  by  default  it  is
	       "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).

       -cookie xdm-auth-bits
	       When  testing  XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key
	       is shared between  the  server  and  the	 manager.
	       This  option  sets  the value of that private data
	       (not that it is very private, being on the command
	       line!).

       -displayID display-id
	       Yet  another XDMCP specific value, this one allows
	       the display manager to identify	each  display  so
	       that it can locate the shared key.





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XKEYBOARD OPTIONS
       X  servers that support the XKEYBOARD extension accept the
       following options:

       -xkbdir directory
	       base directory for keyboard layout files

       -xkbmap filename
	       keyboard description to load on startup

       [+-]accessx
	       enable(+) or disable(-) AccessX key sequences

       -ar1 milliseconds
	       sets the length of time in milliseconds that a key
	       must be depressed before autorepeat starts

       -ar2 milliseconds
	       sets  the  length  of  time  in	milliseconds that
	       should	elapse	  between    autorepeat-generated
	       keystrokes

       Many   servers  also  have  device-specific  command  line
       options.	 See the manual pages for the individual  servers
       for more details.

NETWORK CONNECTIONS
       The  X  server supports client connections via a platform-
       dependent subset of the following transport types:  TCPIP,
       Unix Domain sockets, DECnet, and several varieties of SVR4
       local connections.  See the DISPLAY NAMES section  of  the
       X(1)  manual  page to learn how to specify which transport
       type clients should try to use.

SECURITY
       The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the
       following   authorization  protocols:  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1,
       XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, SUN-DES-1, and  MIT-KERBEROS-5.   See
       the Xsecurity(1) manual page for information on the opera
       tion of these protocols.

       Authorization data required  by	the  above  protocols  is
       passed  to  the	server	in  a private file named with the
       -auth command line option.  Each time the server is  about
       to  accept the first connection after a reset (or when the
       server is starting), it reads this  file.   If  this  file
       contains	 any authorization records, the local host is not
       automatically allowed  access  to  the  server,	and  only
       clients	which  send one of the authorization records con
       tained in the file in  the  connection  setup  information
       will  be	 allowed  access.   See the Xau manual page for a
       description of  the  binary  format  of	this  file.   See
       xauth(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution of
       its contents to remote hosts.



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       The X server also uses a host-based  access  control  list
       for  deciding  whether  or  not to accept connections from
       clients on a particular machine.	 If no	other  authoriza
       tion mechanism is being used, this list initially consists
       of the host on which the server is running as well as  any
       machines	 listed in the file /etc/Xn.hosts, where n is the
       display number of the  server.	Each  line  of	the  file
       should	contain	  either   an	Internet  hostname  (e.g.
       expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet  hostname	in  double  colon
       format  (e.g.  hydra::).	  There	 should	 be no leading or
       trailing spaces on any lines.  For example:

	       joesworkstation
	       corporate.company.com
	       star::
	       bigcpu::

       Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or
       disable	access	control	 using the xhost command from the
       same machine as the server.

       The X protocol intrinsically does not have any  notion  of
       window  operation permissions or place any restrictions on
       what a client can do; if a program can connect to  a  dis
       play, it has full run of the screen.  Sites that have bet
       ter authentication and authorization systems might wish to
       make  use  of the hooks in the libraries and the server to
       provide additional security models.

SIGNALS
       The X server attaches special  meaning  to  the	following
       signals:

       SIGHUP  This  signal causes the server to close all exist
	       ing connections, free all resources,  and  restore
	       all  defaults.	It is sent by the display manager
	       whenever the main user's main application (usually
	       an  xterm  or  window  manager) exits to force the
	       server to clean up and prepare for the next  user.

       SIGTERM This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.

       SIGUSR1 This  signal is used quite differently from either
	       of the above.  When the server starts,  it  checks
	       to  see	if  it	has  inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN
	       instead of the usual SIG_DFL.  In this  case,  the
	       server sends a SIGUSR1 to its parent process after
	       it has set up the various connection schemes.  Xdm
	       uses  this feature to recognize when connecting to
	       the server is possible.

FONTS
       The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from
       font  servers.	The  list of directories and font servers



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       the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled
       by the font path.

       The  default  font  path	 is "&lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,
       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/,
       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/,
       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/,
       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/  where &lt;XRoot&gt; refers to the
       root of the X11 install tree.

       The font path can be set with the -fp option or by xset(1)
       after the server has started.

FILES
       /etc/Xn.hosts		     Initial  access control list
				     for display number n

       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/misc,
				     &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi,
				     &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi
				     Bitmap font directories

       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo, &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
				     Outline font directories

       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/fonts/PEX     PEX font directories

       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/rgb.txt	     Color database

       /tmp/.X11-unix/Xn	     Unix domain socket for  dis
				     play number n

       /tmp/rcXn		     Kerberos  5 replay cache for
				     display number n

       /usr/adm/Xnmsgs		     Error log file  for  display
				     number n if run from init(8)

       &lt;XRoot&gt;/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors
				     Default error  log	 file  if
				     the   server   is	run  from
				     xdm(1)

       Note: &lt;XRoot&gt; refers to the root of the X11 install  tree.

SEE ALSO
       General information: X(1)

       Protocols:  X  Window  System Protocol, The X Font Service
       Protocol, X Display Manager Control Protocol

       Fonts:  bdftopcf(1),  mkfontdir(1),  xfs(1),  xlsfonts(1),
       xfontsel(1),  xfd(1),  X	 Logical Font Description Conven_
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       Security: Xsecurity(1), xauth(1), Xau(1), xdm(1), xhost(1)

       Starting the server: xdm(1), xinit(1)

       Controlling the server once started: xset(1), xsetroot(1),
       xhost(1)

       Server-specific man pages:  Xdec(1),  XmacII(1),	 Xsun(1),
       Xnest(1),     Xvfb(1),	  XF86_Accel(1),    XF86_Mono(1),
       XF86_SVGA(1), XF86_VGA16(1), XFree86(1)

       Server internal documentation: Definition of  the  Porting
       Layer  for the X v11 Sample Server, Strategies for Porting
       the X v11 Sample Server, Godzilla's Guide to Porting the X
       V11 Sample Server

AUTHORS
       The  sample  server  was originally written by Susan Ange
       branndt, Raymond Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd  Newman,
       from  Digital  Equipment	 Corporation, with support from a
       large cast.  It has since been  extensively  rewritten  by
       Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.



































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